Researchers at Arizona State University (McNabb & Gray, 2016) explored the effects on driving with various types of cell phone use. In particular, they were interested in comparing the effects between text-based media and picture-based media. They had their subjects use a driving simulator and requested that they stay two seconds behind the car in front of them. The car in front traveled between 55 and 65 mph and was programmed to come to a complete stop eight times during the simulation. One of the variables they measured was the reaction time for the subjects to brake when the car in front of them stopped. They measured this when the subjects were instructed to scroll through Facebook messages that consisted of just text. They also measured this when the subjects were instructed to scroll through Instagram pictures that did not contain any text. The order of the conditions was randomized. The results, in seconds, are in the file BrakeReaction Time. We want to decide whether there is a difference in the average braking reaction time when looking at text (Facebook) on your phone while driving and looking at pictures (Instagram) on your phone while driving. Put the data file BrakeReaction Time in the Matched Pairs applet and do at least 1,000 randomizations. (a) Using the 2SD method, determine an approximate 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in braking reaction time between looking at Facebook and Instagram (Facebook - Instagram). i HaRebounding Is a basketball player's ability to make free throws different when they get their own rebound or when someone else gets their rebound for them? This is what student researchers wanted to explore. The researchers used students (20 females and 20 males) taking a college physical education class as their subjects. The students each attempted 10 shots from the free throw line where they had to get their own rebound and 10 shots where someone else got their rebound and passed the ball back to them while they stayed on the free throw line. They randomly determined the order that they took these shots, with some getting their own rebounds first and some having someone else get the rebounds first. Here are the hypotheses. Ho: There is no association between how the ball is rebounded and the number of shots made (ud = 0). Ha: There is an association between how the ball is rebounded and the number of shots made (ud # 0). The students found the following results for the number of baskets made. Rebounded Self-rebounded Difference Mean 3.875 3.000 0.875 Standard deviation 2.399 2.320 1.977Researchers at Arizona State University (McNabb & Gray, 2016) explored the effects on driving with various types of cell phone use. In particular, they were interested in comparing the effects between text-based media and picture-based media. They had their subjects use a driving simulator and requested that they stay two seconds behind the car in front of them. The car in front traveled between 55 and 65 mph and was programmed to come to a complete stop eight times during the simulation. One of the variables they measured was the reaction time for the subjects to brake when the car in front of them stopped. They measured this when the subjects were instructed to scroll through Facebook messages that consisted of just text. They also measured this when the subjects were instructed to scroll through Instagram pictures that did not contain any text. The order of the conditions was randomized. The results, in seconds, are in the file BrakeReaction Time. We want to decide whether there is a difference in the average braking reaction time when looking at text (Facebook) on your phone while driving and looking at pictures (Instagram) on your phone while driving. Put the data file BrakeReactionTime in the Matched Pairs applet and do at least 1,000 randomizations. (a) What is the standardized statistic in this study? Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.29. eTextbook and Media (b) Based on the standardized statistic, is there strong evidence that there is a difference in the average breaking reaction time between drivers who are looking at text (Facebook) and drivers who are looking at pictures (Instagram) on their phones while driving? Yes, because the standardized statistic is close to 0, there is strong evidence of a difference in braking reaction times for drivers who are looking at Facebook on their phones and drivers who are looking at Instagram on their phones, on average. No, because the standardized statistic is close to 0, there is not strong evidence of a difference in braking reaction times for drivers who are looking at Facebook on their phones and drivers who are looking at Instagram on their phones, on average. Yes, because the standardized statistic is more than 2, there is strong evidence of a difference in braking reaction times for drivers who are looking at Facebook on their phones and drivers who are looking at Instagram on their phones, on average. No, because the standardized statistic is more than 2, there is not strong evidence of a difference in braking reaction times for drivers who are looking at Facebook on their phones and drivers who are looking at Instagram on their phones, on average.Is a basketball player's ability to make free throws different when they get their own rebound or when someone else gets their rebound for them? This is what student researchers wanted to explore. The researchers used students (20 females and 20 males) taking a college physical education class as their subjects. The students each attempted 10 shots from the free throw line where they had to get their own rebound and 10 shots where someone else got their rebound and passed the ball back to them while they stayed on the free throw line. They randomly determined the order that they took these shots, with some getting their own rebounds first and some having someone else get the rebounds first. Here are the hypotheses. Ho: There is no association between how the ball is rebounded and the number of shots made (ud = 0). Ha: There is an association between how the ball is rebounded and the number of shots made (ud # 0). The students found the following results for the number of baskets made. Rebounded Self-rebounded Difference Mean 3.875 3.000 0.875 Standard deviation 2.399 2.320 1.977 Assuming a true null hypothesis, we simulated this study and found 5,000 mean differences that are shown in the null distribution below. Mean = 0.000 SD = 0.336 -1.20 -0.90 0.60 -0.30 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 Average difference (a) Use the 2SD method to create an approximate 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in number of shots made (rebounded-self-rebounded) for the population of interest. Round answer to 3 decimal places, e.g. 0.298