Researchers conducting an observational study observe a correlation between the pay rate of teachers and students scores on standardized tests.The research teams proposes a pay-for-performance program in which teachers are paid a bonus that is linked to student performance on standardized tests will improve student test scores.

a)What are the independent and dependent variables in the proposed plan?

b)drawA path model showing a mechanism consistent with the proposal above.

c)draw a path model showing an alternative theory that is both consistent with the correlation described in the study and contradicts the causation implicit in the proposal. Briefly explain your path model in words.

d)What would you suggest as the unit of analysis for this experiment?Why?

e)Suppose you wanted to examine the effectiveness a pay-for-performance program in affecting student test scores using a differences-in-differences quasi-experimental study. Describe briefly how you would conduct such a study and analyze the data. (You do not need to describe data collection.)