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Researchers hypothesize that playing outside in dirt increases a child's immune system and helps them to get sick less often. In one study, researchers followed

Researchers hypothesize that playing outside in dirt increases a child's immune system and helps them to get sick less often. In one study, researchers followed mothers for 6 months instructing them to keep their kids away from the dirt and use hand sanitizer at least once an hour (clean condition). In the following six months, the researchers changed their advice and encouraged moms to allow children to play in the dirt and avoid hand sanitizer (dirt condition). The total number of sicknesses in each time period was recorded. Then for each child, the difference between the two scores (dirt-clean) was calculated. The researchers hypothesized that the children would get fewer illnesses, when they were allowed to get dirty, as compared to when they had higher cleanliness standards. The researchers analyzed the data and obtained the following output: Summary statistics: Sample n Mean Variance Std. Dev. Std. Err. Clean 50 35.3 41.438774 6.4372954 0.91037107 Dirt 50 38.7 41.030613 6.4055142 0.9058765 Hypothesis test results: Difference Sample Diff. Std. Err. DF T-Stat P-value Dirt-Clean -3.4 0.3736199 49 -9.100158 <0.0001 From the output we learn that: The data provide sufficient evidence to reject H0. Thus, the researchers conclude that children get, on average, fewer illnesses and when they are in dirty conditions as compared to clean conditions. the data provide sufficient evidence to reject H0. Thus, based on the data the research

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