Research-Scenario: According to some research, males have better spatial-skills-than-do-females; and according to other-research, females have-better reading skills-than-males. -A-student-is interested in determining which-gender performs-better-on-a-word-search puzzle-(a puzzle in-which-words are. hidden-vertically, horizontally, and-diagonally-within an array of letters) since this-type of-puzzle- involves-both-spatial-and reading skills. A-sample of males-and females-volunteer-to participate -and are given-10-minutes-to-work-on-a-50-word-puzzle. The number of words-correctly-recognized-is recorded. for each-subject, and the resulting-data are as follows: T Malesa Femalesa 120 150 8:0 120 90 110 110 180 10% 130 120 140 70 170 Create your SPSS-data file to answer the questions-below -(remember that the IV is your- "grouping variable" and will be represented with numbers in-SPSS and your DV will be data. entered in a second column. Look at the example file from this module's presentation if you want a visual reminder). 19) DI Paste the appropriate-SPSS output. -n ANSWER-T Group Statistics And, Error Gender Mean Deviation Mean Spatial-reading Male 9.86 1.952 -738 ability Female 14.25 2.563 969 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of Mean Stid. Error the Difference tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper Spatial-reading Equal variances ability assumed .550 473 -3.637 12 -4.429 1.218 -7.082 -1.775 Equal variances not assumed -3.637 11.207 .004 -4.429 1.218 -7.103 -1.754 10) T Paste appropriate-SPSS graph. ---D ANSWER-T 20- 15- Spatial-reading ability 10- Male Female Gender11) a Calculate they''effect size given the SPSS output as shown in this module's- presentation. Show-all of your work. -Interpret it as "small", "medium" or "large". ANSWERT -T-2-=12/-(t2 +-df) =(-3.637)2/-((-3.637)2-+12)=0.52-1According to Cohen (1988), if r-2-is at least 0.01, the effect size is small; if it is at least .09, it- is medium; and if it is at least 0.25, it is large. Thus, the effect-size in this case-based onr-2 is. large. I 12) I Write-an APA-style Results section-based on your analyses. Remember to use- complete sentences, include the statistical notation, effect size, confidence interval, and include a decision about the null hypothesis. If it is significant, state how-by- reporting the means and standard deviations. I ANSWER-T The mean spatial reading ability of males (M =-9.86, SD=1.95) is significantly different from that of females (M.=14.29,-SD - 2.56) with large effect, t.(12)-=--3.64, p-= 0.003-(r-2-=-0.52). . A-95% confidence interval on the difference between the two means using a Student's t- distribution with-12-degrees of freedom is (-7.08,-1.78), which indicates that there is- significant evidence for rejection of the null hypothesis that the spatial reading ability-between men and women is the same.0 13) .D What is the t-obtained from your SPSS-output?-Using your table in the Appendix of your e-book, determine the critical t-value for this study. Clearly identify the t- obtained and the t-critical values-below. Describe how the critical value can be. used to determine whether at-obtained value will result in a rejection of the null- hypothesis (ie. that it is significant). .D ANSWER- tobt =-3.67-1 tax =-$2. 1791 The calculated t-value-which is-3.67 .falls in the-rejection-region, that is, beyond--2.18. and2.18. -Therefore, this suggests-that-we-should reject-the-null hypothesis