respond to The independent variable would be the amount of sleep (categorized into at least 7 hours or less than 7 hours), as it is reported by the researcher. The dependent variable would be the exam performance, as it is expected to be influenced by the different amounts of sleep and is measured to assess the outcome of the experiment. By manipulating the independent variable (amount of sleep) and measuring its effect on the dependent variable (exam performance), researchers can analyze whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables