Returns earned over a given time period are called realized returns. Historical data on realized returns is often used to estimate future results. Analysts across companies use realized stock returns to estimate the risk of a stock.

Five years of realized returns for Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc. (Crane Cosmetics) are given in the following table:

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Stock return	21.25%	14.45%	25.50%	35.70%	11.05%

Also note that:

1.	While Crane Cosmetics was started 40 years ago, its common stock has been publicly traded for the past 25 years.
2.	The returns on Crane Cosmetics's equity are calculated as arithmetic returns.

Given this return data, the average realized return on Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc.s stock is21.59% .

The preceding data series represents a sample of Crane Cosmeticss historical returns. Based on this conclusion, the standard deviation of Crane Cosmeticss historical returns is .

If investors expect the average realized return on Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc.s stock from 2016 to 2020 to continue into the future, its expected coefficient of variation (CV) is expected to equal .