Revise Even when applied to firms, firms do not have the same attitude towards the risk of being caught (such as firms' reputation, good will, ethical values, home country's tax law, host-home country's bilateral tax treaties, and legal constrains associated with firm's county of origin) and ability (MNCs versus domestic ones) to minimize the risks. For instance, maximizing shareholder wealth is not a universal goal for firms. In addition, firms do not face same kinds of penalties if they get caught, nor do they face the same probability of being caught as operating either in the same country or in different countries. Most important, the economics model neglects the social context and business culture in which firms operate and from which firms originate. In short, it is too simple to be sole basis for policy directives