Rewrite There is a lack of research showing how leader capabilities like self-awareness and emotion regulation and self-leadership may be improved (Day and Dragoni, 2015). For example, leaders may gain deeper insight into their weaknesses and strengths by receiving 360 feedback and identifying gaps in their self-perception. Yet, the successful management of negative emotions while receiving negative feedback is a prerequisite for it to become a learning opportunity (Nesbit, 2012). Given the fast-changing nature of today's dynamic environment, Nesbit (2012) emphasized that teaching leaders meta-skills that are needed to continuously develop themselves in a self-guided manner is a critical leadership competency. It remains unclear, however, how leaders can be trained in self-directed leadership development and thus adapt to increasingly challenging working environments themselves