Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness ofechinacea, 43 of the 50 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebogroup, 86 of the 103 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts(a) through(c) below.

a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.

Consider the first sample to be the sample of subjects treated with echinacea and the second sample to be the sample of subjects treated with a placebo. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesistest?

A.

H0: p1p2

H1: p1p2

B.

H0: p1=p2

H1: p1>p2

C.

H0: p1p2

H1: p1=p2

D.

H0: p1=p2

H1: p1p2

E.

H0: p1=p2

H1: p1

F.

H0: p1p2

H1: p1p2

Identify the test statistic.

z=

nothing

(Round to two decimal places asneeded.)

Identify theP-value.

P-value=

nothing

(Round to three decimal places asneeded.)

What is the conclusion based on the hypothesistest?

TheP-value is

greater than

less than

the significance level of =0.01, so

fail to reject

reject

the null hypothesis. There

is not

is

sufficient evidence to support the claim that echinacea treatment has an effect.

b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.

The 99% confidence interval is

nothing

nothing

.

(Round to three decimal places asneeded.)

What is the conclusion based on the confidenceinterval?

Because the confidence interval limits

include

do not include

0, there

does

does not

appear to be a significant difference between the two proportions. There

is

is not

evidence to support the claim that echinacea treatment has an effect.

c. Based on theresults, does echinacea appear to have any effect on the infectionrate?

A.

Echinacea does appear to have a significant effect on the infection rate. There is evidence that it lowers the infection rate.

B.

Echinacea does appear to have a significant effect on the infection rate. There is evidence that it increases the infection rate.

C.

Echinacea does not appear to have a significant effect on the infection rate.

D.

The results are inconclusive.