Richard is a retired professor from Concordia. His income in 2019 will be a total of $90,000 and he is concerned about the Old Age Security (OAS) pension claw-back. In 2019, the OAS clawback or repayment calculation is based on the difference between Richard's income and the threshold amount for the year. He must repay 15% of that amount.

a) If Richard's Old Age Security pension for 2019 is $7,220, calculate if he will be impacted by the OAS claw-back and if so, calculate Richard's net amount that he will receive after the repayment?

b) Richard's wife, Allison recently passed away. Allison died intestate. What does that mean?

c) As Richard's Holograph Will left everything to Allison, he is contemplating re-doing his Will. Richard's new girlfriend of 6 months also wants him to change his Will and put everything in her name. Richard's children (aged 25 and 30) are not happy about this new relationship. What type of Will would you recommend Richard obtaining and why?