Rick Cabela, a high income client, has contacts you for advice regarding two new proposed business ventures and other tax planning ideas. Rick already operates a highly successful consulting business that earns approximately $2,000,000 net after expenses, and he reports this amount on his personal income tax return. Below are the details:

- Rick is considering the purchase of several apartment buildings for rental purposes. He believes the apartments would generate a tax loss of approximately $100,000 in each of the first three years, then operate profitably thereafter. Rick would like to use the tax losses for the first three years to reduce his personal income taxes.

- Rick is also considering investment in a blueberry farm. He intends to purchase some farmland and turn it into a blueberry farm. The costs in the first year would be the land, equipment, blueberry plants, and labor to develop the farm. In years 2-4, labor costs and maintenance would be the primary financial outlays. No revenue would be earned until year 5 when Rick believes the farm will be very profitable, generating net profits of approximately $100,000 per year. With the substantial cash outlays in the first four years and very little revenue, Rick believes the tax losses would reduce his personal income taxes. Assume the farm is a valid business and Rick materially participates in the activity of the farm.

- Because of his high income, Rick's income tax liability is very high. He read in a financial journal that the contribution of appreciated stock to a charitable organization is a good idea for tax purposes. He had some stock in Apple. Co. for which he paid $10,000 several years ago, and the shares are now worth $200,000.

For each of the situations above, what are the principal tax issues that Rick should consider?