Robert Gillman, an equity research analyst at Gillman Advisors, believes in efficient markets. He has been following the mining industry for the past 10 years and needs to determine the constant growth rate that he should use while valuing Pan Asia Mining Co.

Robert has the following information available:

	Pan Asia Mining Co.s stock (Ticker: PAMC) is trading at $18.75.
	The company has forecasted net income and book value of equity for the coming year to be $1,183,500 and $9,262,500, respectively.
	The company has also been paying dividends for the past eight years and has maintained a dividend payout ratio of 37.500000%.

Based on this information, Roberts forecast of PAMCs growth rate in earnings and dividends should be:

7.19%

7.99%

23.96%

22.37%

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between earnings and dividends when all other factors are held constant?

Long-run earnings growth occurs primarily because firms retain earnings and reinvest them in the business.

Dividend growth and earnings growth are unrelated.

Paying a higher percentage of earnings as dividends will result in a higher growth rate.