Roberto has received various gifts over the years and has decided to dispose of the following assets he received as gifts in the transactions indicated below. Determine the recognized gain or loss from the following transactions, assuming that no Federal gift tax was paid when the gifts were made. If an answer is zero, select "neither a gain nor a loss" and enter "0" as the amount.

a. In 1981, he received land worth $16,960. The donor's adjusted basis was $19,080. Roberto sells the land for $42,400 in 2020. A gain of $ 23,320 V is recognized. b. In 1986, he received stock in Gold Company. The donor's adjusted basis was $29,280. The fair market value on the date of the gift was $25,620. Roberto sells the stock for $36,600 in 2020. A gain of $ 10,980 X is recognized. c. In 1992, he received land worth $20,625. The donor's adjusted basis was $27,500. Roberto sells the land for $12,375 in 2020. A loss of $ 15,125 X is recognized. d. In 2013, he received stock worth $30,000. The donor's adjusted basis was $42,000. Roberto sells the stock for $38,000 in 2020. A gain x of $ 8,000 X is recognized