Rooney Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.80
Materials cost		8.20
Labor cost		3.60
Overhead cost		5.80
Selling, general, and administrative costs		7.00
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	129,000
Selling, general, and administrative		44,000

Assume that Rooney actually produced and sold 29,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	35.80
Materials cost		8.40
Labor cost		3.50
Overhead cost		5.85
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.80
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	114,000
Selling, general, and administrative		50,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)