rtainly, here is the discussion with fewer references: During the 2007-2009 recession and subsequent weak recovery, the Federal Reserve (FED) employed unconventional methods to stimulate the economy. Normally, the FED uses tools like Open Market Operations (OMOs), primarily buying U.S. government bonds and accepting them as security for loans through the Discount Window. However, during this period, the FED also bought commercial paper and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) to maintain liquidity in those financial markets (Bernanke, 2010). Effectiveness in Ending the Recession and Stimulating Recovery The FED's Quantitative Easing (QE) program, involving the purchase of $85 billion in bonds monthly, aimed to lower long-term interest rates, stimulate borrowing and spending, and boost investment. This unconventional policy helped stabilize financial markets and supported economic recovery. However, the recovery was slower than desired due to the crisis's depth and structural economic issues (Joyce, Miles, Scott