Russia's war on Ukraine has caused panicky foreign investors to exchange their domestic currencies for dollars in international currency markets. Because it is the most stable and reliable currency, the dollar, along with gold and other precious metals, are considered safe havens by investors during periods of international instability. Aggregate Demand no change = 0, up = 1, down = 2 Aggregate Supply no change = 0, up = 1, down = 2 Price Level indeterminant = 0, up = 1, down = 2 Level of Output indeterminant = 0, up = 1, down = 2 Nominal Interest Rates indeterminant = 0, up = 1, down = 2