s we note in the chapter, the actual number of parties com- peting in an election or winning seats is not necessarily a good reection of how big a country's party system is. As a result, political scientists often prefer to use a measure of the eective number of parties in a country to capture party system size. If you recall, the eective number of electoral Fall 2023 Comparative Politics Problem Set III parties when there are four actual parties is calculated as eective number of electoral parties