sabbatical to visit their son in Australia. In the meantime, they have rented the home to Andrea Severin. Andrea works long hours during the week and is rarely home, but on the weekends, he parties a lot and Arnold suspects that Andrea has been taking full advantage of the laws about marijuana usage. Arnold often smells marijuana when he's in his backyard. Arnold likes to save hydro costs by hanging his clothes out to dry. He has a clothesline in his backyard. Lately Arnold's clothes have been smelling like marijuana. Andrea has a party practically every Saturday night and, ever since the night Arnold went over to Andrea's to complain about the music being too loud, Arnold has been finding empty and often broken beer bottles in his backyard. Arnold wasn't sure who was throwing the bottles, so he set up a hidden camera that has a clear view of the adjacent backyard. He's pretty sure Andrea is responsible and hopes to catch the culprit on film this coming weekend. Andrea recently stepped up the harassment campaign by emailing Arnold's boss telling her that Arnold has been using marijuana on weekends and should not be driving any vehicle let alone a bus. Arnold's boss, Carlotta, did not believe this because she knows that Arnold lost his wife and child to an impaired driver 6 years ago and will not touch drugs or alcohol. He rarely even takes over the counter medication. Carlotta put the IT department on the case, and they were able to identify the author of the email. (a) Are there any grounds for a civil action against Andrea? Please identify only one intentional tort that Andrea may have committed. Support your answer with reference to the fact situation and the law as discussed in the textbook. (b) Are there any grounds for a civil action against Arnold? Please identify only one intentional tort that Andrea may have committed. Support your answer with reference to the fact situation and the law as discussed in the textbook. 2. Dr. Yvonne DiCarlos is a pediatric dentist. Her 11 a.m. appointment, Lily Kovalenko, aged seven arrives with her mother. The receptionist, Stan, notices that Lily has a raised red mark on her cheek and excuses himself to talk to Dr. DiCarlos. They are talking quietly in a consultation room, but Lily's mother overhears the words "slapped cheek" and becomes very agitated. She barges into the consultation room and yells that no one has been hitting her daughter. Dr. DiCarlos replies that she would like to take a look at Lily to see if the rash the receptionist is describing is the slapped-cheek rash that is a symptom of parvovirus. Lily's mother refuses to grant Dr. DiCarlos permission to examine her daughter and says that she will be transferring Lily to another dentist. (a) If Dr. DiCarlos proceeds to examine Lily, will she have committed a tort? Support your answer with reference to the fact situation and the law as discussed in the textbook. (b) If Dr. DiCarlos does not examine the child, but proceeds to report the receptionist's sighting of the red mark on Lily's cheek to the child protection authorities and is sued by Lily's parents for defamation, what, in your opinion, is the best positive defence that she may raise in response to the lawsuit? Explain your answer with reference to the facts of the scenario and the law as discussed in the textbook. 3. Carolina and Antonella were talking to each other during their Torts class. Carolina said to Antonella, "In our last class, did you see how Maurice put his hat on his desk and his phone under it? He kept looking at his phone when the professor had her back to him. It wasn't even a tough quiz." If Carolina is lying about Maurice's behaviour, what tort has she committed? Be specific and explain your answer with reference to the fact situation and the law. 4. 12-year-old Leo Stolyn mowed lawns and saved his money until he could afford the running shoes he wanted. He only had the shoes for two days when some grade 8 kids surrounded him in the schoolyard, took the shoes away, and threw them in a tree. Leo tried not to cry but he couldn't help it - a couple of tears leaked down his cheeks. For the next two weeks a bunch of kids were calling him "Leaky Leo" until the principal put a stop to it. Identify only one tort that has been committed in this scenario. Support your answer with reference to the fact situation and the law.