Sandra would like to organize LAB (a legal corporation) as either an S corporation or a C corporation for tax purposes. In either form, the entity is expected to generate an 8 percent annual before-tax return on a $850,000 investment. Sandra's marginal income tax rate is 37 percent and her tax rate on qualified dividends and net capital gains is 20 percent. LAB's income is not qualified business income (QBI), so Sandra is not allowed to claim the QBI deduction. Assume that LAB will distribute all of its earnings after entity-level taxes every year. Ignore the additional Medicare tax and the net investment income tax when computing your answers.

a. How much cash after taxes would Sandra receive from her investment in the first year if LAB is organized as either an S corporation or a C corporation?

b. What is the overall tax rate on LAB's income in the first year if LAB is organized as an S corporation or as a C corporation?

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SCC corporation (a calendar-year C corporation) has a net operating loss (NOL) carryover to 2023 in the amount of $30,000. How much tax will SCC pay for 2023 if it reports taxable income from operations of $20,000 before considering loss carryovers under the following assumptions?

a. The NOL originated in 2017.

b. The NOL originated in 2018.