Scenario $1$: $19,500$ ASCII characters are transmitted over a $3$ Mbps circuit. The protocol uses $8-$bits to encode each ASCII character, and adds an additional parity bit to help detect errors.

$.$ Calculate the transmission efficiency of this protocol.

$.$ Determine the effective data rate of sending these characters over the circuit using the above$-$defined protocol.

Scenario $2$: A person types a plaintext email consisting of $350$ characters into their email client, and the characters are encoded with $16-$bit Unicode. When the person hits the Send button, the email client uses the SMTP protocol to transmit the message, with an SMTP header of $100$ bytes. SMTP is running over TCP over IP over Ethernet, and the Ethernet link is running at $1$Gbps$.$

$.$ Calculate the size of the email message in bytes.

$.$ Calculate the transmission efficiency of sending this email, using the nominal overhead sizes for the TCP and IP protocols, and the standard Ethernet II overhead size.

$.$ Determine the effective data rate of sending this email.