Scenario 1:

A researcher investigates whether it is more effective to put questions before or after introducing a new concept in a mathematics text. They devise two sections on different mathematical concepts: one with questions before the descriptions, and the other with questions after. Each student studies one topic with the questions presented before and one topic with the questions presented after. Test performance (number of correct answers) is recorded. The researcher wants to know which method is more effective.

1. Whether the test is measuring a relationship between two variables, or comparing measures of central tendency for one variable.if comparing measures of central tendency, is it a between or within subjects design?
2. What scale is the data measured on (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)?
3. What is the appropriate test for analyzing the data? (Chi-square goodness of fit, Chi-square test of independence, Pearsonr, Spearman's rho, Independent groups t-test, Dependent groups t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Wilcoxon test)