Scenario 2 A researcher wanted to investigate whether perception of intelligence is influenced by a person's facial expression and/ or gender. Some photos were of males; others were of females, and within each of those groups, some were smiling whereas others had neutral facial expressions. All 12 participants were shown the same photo set. This means each participant judged every condition - male smiling; male neutral; female smiling; female neutral. Data are the average perceived intelligence scores for each condition per participant: Smiling pictures Neutral pictures Male photos Female photos Male photos Female photos Participant A 8.7 8.2 8.5 9.0 Participant B 9.1 8.0 9.0 8.5 Participant C 8.3 9.0 8.3 8.4 Participant D 9.5 8.8 9.4 9.2 Participant E 9.0 8.2 8.9 8.8 Participant F 7.7 7.0 7.8 7.5 Participant G 8.6 8.8 8.5 8.0 Participant H 8.5 7.3 8.4 7.7 Participant I 9.1 6.5 9.2 6.5 Participant J 9.2 8.0 9.1 8.1 Participant K 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.3 Participant L 8.0 7.5 7.9 7.9