Scenario: A medium-sized safety-net hospital in Brooklyn has been experienced significant problems with its electronic health record system. They are considering an EHR conversion/purchasing a new EHR system. But that would be very expensive, effortful and may take some years. Their immediate focus is to address some of their problems. The problems can be described in terms of two interrelated issues: 1) usability and 2) patient safety. You've been hired to lead a team of consultants to study the problem. The objective of this assignment is to investigate this problem from multiple perspectives as detailed below. The assignment is divided into 1) usability issues and 2) patient safety/unintended consequences You can choose to focus more generally on a hospital system or specifically address a department or medical specialty such as surgical care, intensive care. You may also take the perspective of a particular clinical role such as a nurse, respiratory therapist, or EHR trainer. Hint: Answer the questions below, considering the above scenario. Some questions could be answered without expressly referring to the scenario. But if you can creatively use it, then that would be better. Recommended word count (total): 1500-2000. But use your best judgment in answering the questions. 1) Usability a) b) c) The first objective is to characterize how a cognitive engineering framework (or more broadly a cognitive approach) informs our understanding of users, user interfaces, and usability. You can approach this from a number of perspectives but be specific (e.g.. impact on working memory, perception). Describe a study that would involve 1) a usability inspection (expert-review method and 2) user-testing. Assuming you're doing a heuristic evaluation, which violations of usability principles would be most serious. Describe a user-testing (usability-testing) study. Who would be your participants (e.g., medical residents)? What clinical tasks would you require them to do (i.e.. describing the problem space)? What measures of performance would you employ (e.g., mouse clicks). EHR navigation characterizes the route taken to complete a task, including the action steps (e.g., mouse clicks) and the traversal through space (e.g., moving a mouse across a display or negotiating successive screens). The navigational complexity framework explains how interfaces differentially impact task performance. Explain why navigational complexity is a significant problem and how it can be used to describe the differences between two EHR systems drawing on Duncan et al. (discussed in class). The fragmentation of workflow in which tasks are stopped before completion, only to be restarted later, is disruptive. Discuss what lessons can be learned from the work conducted by Zheng et al (discussed class). Explain the potential) relationship between a fragmented workflow and patient care. How can visualizations inform the fragmentation process? d) Scenario: A medium-sized safety-net hospital in Brooklyn has been experienced significant problems with its electronic health record system. They are considering an EHR conversion/purchasing a new EHR system. But that would be very expensive, effortful and may take some years. Their immediate focus is to address some of their problems. The problems can be described in terms of two interrelated issues: 1) usability and 2) patient safety. You've been hired to lead a team of consultants to study the problem. The objective of this assignment is to investigate this problem from multiple perspectives as detailed below. The assignment is divided into 1) usability issues and 2) patient safety/unintended consequences You can choose to focus more generally on a hospital system or specifically address a department or medical specialty such as surgical care, intensive care. You may also take the perspective of a particular clinical role such as a nurse, respiratory therapist, or EHR trainer. Hint: Answer the questions below, considering the above scenario. Some questions could be answered without expressly referring to the scenario. But if you can creatively use it, then that would be better. Recommended word count (total): 1500-2000. But use your best judgment in answering the questions. 1) Usability a) b) c) The first objective is to characterize how a cognitive engineering framework (or more broadly a cognitive approach) informs our understanding of users, user interfaces, and usability. You can approach this from a number of perspectives but be specific (e.g.. impact on working memory, perception). Describe a study that would involve 1) a usability inspection (expert-review method and 2) user-testing. Assuming you're doing a heuristic evaluation, which violations of usability principles would be most serious. Describe a user-testing (usability-testing) study. Who would be your participants (e.g., medical residents)? What clinical tasks would you require them to do (i.e.. describing the problem space)? What measures of performance would you employ (e.g., mouse clicks). EHR navigation characterizes the route taken to complete a task, including the action steps (e.g., mouse clicks) and the traversal through space (e.g., moving a mouse across a display or negotiating successive screens). The navigational complexity framework explains how interfaces differentially impact task performance. Explain why navigational complexity is a significant problem and how it can be used to describe the differences between two EHR systems drawing on Duncan et al. (discussed in class). The fragmentation of workflow in which tasks are stopped before completion, only to be restarted later, is disruptive. Discuss what lessons can be learned from the work conducted by Zheng et al (discussed class). Explain the potential) relationship between a fragmented workflow and patient care. How can visualizations inform the fragmentation process? d)