Scenario: Does emotional intelligence change across the lifespan? A researcher conducts a longitudinal study by collecting data on the same people across 20 years. Emotional intelligence was quantified at ages 4, 14, 24, and 34 years of age. Emotional intelligence was quantified using the self-report Bar-On EQ-I, which ranges from 0 110, and is considered "scale" in nature. Assume data meets all assumptions for a parametric test. Question: What is the null hypothesis for this scenario?

A. Emotional intelligence does not vary across the ages of 4 34.

B. Emotional intelligence varies across the ages of 4 34.

C. Emotional intelligence varies based on biological sex.

D. Emotional intelligence does not vary based on biological sex.

Scenario: Does emotional intelligence change across the lifespan? A researcher conducts a longitudinal study by collecting data on the same people across 20 years. Emotional intelligence was quantified at ages 4, 14, 24, and 34 years of age. Emotional intelligence was quantified using the self-report Bar-On EQ-I, which ranges from 0 " 110, and is considered "scale" in nature. Assume data meets all assumptions for a parametric test. Question: What is the independent variable in this scenario?

A. Four-year old children

B. Age

C. Emotional intelligence

D. Biological sex

Scenario: Does amount of caffeine affect memory? This study was conducted using 30 participants who report they do not regularly consume caffeine. The researcher randomly assigned the participants to one of three conditions (none, moderate, or high caffeine) before completing a memory task. The memory task was quantified as number of items correctly recalled. Assume data meets all assumptions for a parametric test. Question: What is the research / alternate hypothesis for this scenario?

A. Caffeine does not affect performance on a memory task.

B. Caffeine affects performance on a memory task.

C. People who regularly consume caffeine perform better on a memory task than those who do not regularly consume caffeine.

D. People who regularly consume caffeine perform worse on a memory task than those who do not regularly consume caffeine.