Scenario $-$ Shadia Cannon

Shadia Cannon is an MBA student in Detroit, Michigan, with a managerial position at a Ford Motor Company plant. She has been invited to join a company that has entered into a joint venture with a German firm to manage a Volkswagen plant. Shadia would be under contract for one year, with an option to renew for a total of three years. Her salary would be $350\%$ more than she is currently earning, and she would be given two all$-$expenses paid vacations each year. The money and the benefits sound very nice, but Shadia isn't sure which position is better.

Which of the following enables a company to market its products in other countries at modest resource cost and with limited risk?

a$.$ Licensing

b$.$ Franchising

c$.$ Outsourcing

d$.$ Exporting

e$.$ A joint venture