Scholars often discuss three responses in their attempt to understand how deep cultural variations impact on conflict resolution. The first response is summarized as "cultural variation is not relevant to conflict resolution" (Burton, Zartman), the second response is summarized as "cultural variation should be considered in conflict resolution but only as a variable" (Bercovitch, Cohen, Gulliver) and the third response is summarized as "cultural variation is fundamentally significant in conflict resolution" (Avruch, Black, Lederach and Galtung). Discuss these three perspectives in choosing an approach to conflict resolution in Africa.

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