Section 1 Introduction In this section, you explain why you are doing this experiment activity (besides the fact that it was assigned to you) Try to think from the point of view of the teacher who assigned it Obviously he or she is hoping you will learn something, or that some concept from the lessons will become more concrete to you This section should include the following three main points Purpose What will this lab activity experiment help you learn about Hypothesis What do you think will happen Reasoning Prior support for hypothesis Why do you think this will happen What have you learned that leads you to believe this will happen Section 2 Materials and Methods This should be a precise narrative of everything you did Write in the past tense as if you are telling the story of it ( not giving directions) If this lab is an experiment, be sure you point out which parts of the experiment are the independent variables, dependent variables, and the control Keep in mind that you should describe your process in enough detail that another scientist could replicate your procedure Do not simply copy this from the assignment If you made mistakes, missed a measurement, etc these are important details, not failings that will bring down your grade Be honest about them Sometimes great discoveries result from mistakes In this section do not tell your readings, or measurements For example you could say, The temperature was measured at 4 03, 4 09, 4 21, and 4 30 You should not say, At 4 03 the temperature was 13 degrees Celsius Save those measurements for the results section Section 3 Results This is where you record all your times, temperature readings, measurements, observations, etc Feel free to use a combination of text, tables, charts, pictures, graphs or any logical ways to present your results Be sure if you use graphically presented data that each figure, table, etc is labeled and referred to in the text that accompanies it (Example Graph 1 shows the temperature readings increasing over time ) Keep the submission format in mind when you choose how to present your results You may upload your lab report as a document in either doc or pdf format, or use the submission box Section 4 Discussion Analysis In this section you will state whether your hypothesis was supported or refuted (never proven or disproven ) You will also answer any analysis questions that are included in the assignment If no analysis questions are included, consider the following questions Were any of your results unexpected Where there any shortcomings in your procedures What could be causing what you observed to happen What additional studies need to be done to further advance your purpose stated in the introduction Complete and submit your lab report using theLab Report Format Be sure to include Section 1 Your introduction with all parts Section 2 Your materials and methods Section 3 Your results (data) in the proper format Section 4 Your discussion analysis Complete Lab Report In order to study the effect of concentration on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for three different cases of concentration The way to change the concentration is to crush the Alka Seltzer tablet into many very small pieces and use parts and multiples of one tablet Crush six Alka Seltzer tablets into many very small pieces Divide the crushed tablets into two equal parts Keep one part by itself (and call it sample 1), and divide the other part again into two equal parts Keep one part, that is now a quarter of the original amount (and call it sample 2), and divide the other part again into two equal parts Keep one part, that is now an eighth of the original amount (and call it sample 3), and divide the other part again into two equal parts This is now a sixteenth of the original amount (and call it sample 4) You should have four different amounts of crushed Alka Seltzer tablets called sample 1 to sample 4, each larger amount is twice as large as the smaller one before Fill the beaker half full with room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop sample 1 into a beaker Measure the time required for sample 1 to fully dissolve Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop sample 2 into a beaker Measure the time required for sample 2 to fully dissolve Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop sample 3 into a beaker Measure the time required for sample 3 to fully dissolve Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop sample 4 into a beaker Measure the time required for sample 4 to fully dissolve Repeat steps 1 17 to have a second trial of each Procedure IV In order to study the effect of surface area on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for three different cases of surface area The way to increase the surface area is to break the Alka Seltzer tablet into smaller and smaller pieces Credit Demitri W Photo Fill a beaker half full with room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Break the Alka Seltzer tablet into four smaller pieces and drop them into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Fill a beaker with the same amount of room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Break the Alka Seltzer tablet into several smaller pieces and drop them into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Fill a beaker with the same amount of room temperature water Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Crush the Alka Seltzer tablet into many very small pieces and drop them into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 1 9 to have a second trial of each Procedure II In order to study the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for two temperatures above room temperature and for two temperatures below room temperature Fill one beaker about half full of hot water from the tap (It should be the same amount of water as in Procedure I ) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop one Alka Seltzer tablet into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 1 4 Fill one beaker with the same amount of very hot water from the tap (as hot as your faucet makes it, be careful ) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop one Alka Seltzer tablet into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 6 9 Fill a cup with water and ice and stir (Make sure there is about half as much ice as water, we want this water to be cold ) Pour the same amount of this ice water into a beaker (There should be still pieces of ice in the water ) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop one Alka Seltzer tablet into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 11 14 Fill a beaker with the same amount of ice water (The ice should have melted by now, but the water is still colder than room temperature ) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop one Alka Seltzer tablet into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 16 18 Procedure II As we discussed in the Scientific Method , ideally we should have at least 3 trials for every experiment In order to limit the number of tablets required, and take a reasonable amount of time, we are only going to do 2 trials of each run for this experiment If the data (times for each trial) do not agree with each other, you may want to consider doing a third run of some of the trials Good experiments should have a control group As the control group for this study, we will use room temperature water and one Alka Seltzer tablet Fill a beaker half full with room temperature water (In each case, measure the water out if you will be using different sized containers ) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water Drop one Alka Seltzer tablet into the beaker Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve Repeat steps 1 through 3 Procedure I These are the materials needed for all the following procedures Materials data sheet at least 28 Alka Seltzer tablets (or the store brand equivalent) several 250 mL beakers (small glasses may be substituted if necessary) access to hot and cold tap water ice cup spoon digital thermometer (with a temperature range of at least 20C to 120C) stopwatch (if you can have your computer with internet near the experiment you can use the following web site http www online stopwatch com full screen stopwatch ) Note If you use the same beaker or small glass over and over again, make sure that you clean it thoroughly before you start a new part of the experiment Q1 Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction (This is your hypothesis for Procedure II ) Q2 Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction (This is your hypothesis for Procedure III ) Q3 Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction (This is your hypothesis for Procedure IV )

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Section 1: Introduction In this section, you explain why you are doing this experiment/activity (besides the fact that it was assigned to you). Try to

Section 1: Introduction

In this section, you explain why you are doing this experiment/activity (besides the fact that it was assigned to you). Try to think from the point of view of the teacher who assigned it. Obviously he or she is hoping you will learn something, or that some concept from the lessons will become more concrete to you. This section should include the following three main points:

Purpose: What will this lab activity/experiment help you learn about?
Hypothesis: What do you think will happen?
Reasoning/Prior support for hypothesis: Why do you think this will happen? What have you learned that leads you to believe this will happen?

Section 2. Materials and Methods

This should be a precise narrative of everything you did. Write in the past tense as if you are telling the story of it (not giving directions). If this lab is an experiment, be sure you point out which parts of the experiment are the independent variables, dependent variables, and the control. Keep in mind that you should describe your process in enough detail that another scientist could "replicate" your procedure. Do not simply copy this from the assignment. If you made mistakes, missed a measurement, etc. these are important details, not failings that will bring down your grade. Be honest about them. Sometimes great discoveries result from mistakes.

In this section do not tell your readings, or measurements. For example you could say, "The temperature was measured at 4:03, 4:09, 4:21, and 4:30." You should not say, "At 4:03 the temperature was 13 degrees Celsius..." Save those measurements for the results section.

Section 3. Results

This is where you record all your times, temperature readings, measurements, observations, etc. Feel free to use a combination of text, tables, charts, pictures, graphs or any logical ways to present your results. Be sure if you use graphically presented data that each figure, table, etc. is labeled and referred to in the text that accompanies it. (Example: Graph 1 shows the temperature readings increasing over time.) Keep the submission format in mind when you choose how to present your results. You may upload your lab report as a document in either .doc or .pdf format, or use the submission box.

Section 4. Discussion/Analysis

In this section you will state whether your hypothesis was supported or refuted (never "proven" or "disproven"). You will also answer any analysis questions that are included in the assignment. If no analysis questions are included, consider the following questions:

Were any of your results unexpected?
Where there any shortcomings in your procedures?
What could be causing what you observed to happen?
What additional studies need to be done to further advance your purpose stated in the introduction?

Complete and submit your lab report using theLab Report Format. Be sure to include:

Section 1: Your introduction with all parts.
Section 2: Your materials and methods.
Section 3: Your results (data) in the proper format.
Section 4: Your discussion/analysis.

Complete Lab Report

In order to study the effect of concentration on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for three different cases of concentration. The way to change the concentration is to crush the Alka-Seltzer tablet into many very small pieces and use parts and multiples of one tablet.

Crush six Alka-Seltzer tablets into many very small pieces.
Divide the crushed tablets into two equal parts.
Keep one part by itself (and call it sample 1), and divide the other part again into two equal parts.
Keep one part, that is now a quarter of the original amount (and call it sample 2), and divide the other part again into two equal parts.
Keep one part, that is now an eighth of the original amount (and call it sample 3), and divide the other part again into two equal parts.
This is now a sixteenth of the original amount (and call it sample 4).
You should have four different amounts of crushed Alka-Seltzer tablets called sample 1 to sample 4, each larger amount is twice as large as the smaller one before.Fill the beaker half full with room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop sample 1 into a beaker.
Measure the time required for sample 1 to fully dissolve.Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop sample 2 into a beaker.
Measure the time required for sample 2 to fully dissolve.
Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop sample 3 into a beaker.
Measure the time required for sample 3 to fully dissolve.
Fill the beaker with the same amount of room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop sample 4 into a beaker.
Measure the time required for sample 4 to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 1 - 17 to have a second trial of each.

Procedure IV

In order to study the effect of surface area on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for three different cases of surface area. The way to increase the surface area is to break the Alka Seltzer tablet into smaller and smaller pieces. Credit: Demitri. W Photo

Fill a beaker half full with room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Break the Alka-Seltzer tablet into four smaller pieces and drop them into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Fill a beaker with the same amount of room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Break the Alka-Seltzer tablet into several smaller pieces and drop them into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Fill a beaker with the same amount of room temperature water. Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Crush the Alka-Seltzer tablet into many very small pieces and drop them into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 1 - 9 to have a second trial of each.

Procedure II

In order to study the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, you will do some measurements for two temperatures above room temperature and for two temperatures below room temperature.

Fill one beaker about half full of hot water from the tap (It should be the same amount of water as in Procedure I.)
Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 1 - 4.
Fill one beaker with the same amount of very hot water from the tap (as hot as your faucet makes it, be careful!)
Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 6 - 9.
Fill a cup with water and ice and stir. (Make sure there is about half as much ice as water, we want this water to be cold!)
Pour the same amount of this ice water into a beaker. (There should be still pieces of ice in the water.) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 11 - 14.
Fill a beaker with the same amount of ice water. (The ice should have melted by now, but the water is still colder than room temperature.) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 16 - 18.

Procedure II

As we discussed in the "Scientific Method", ideally we should have at least 3 trials for every experiment. In order to limit the number of tablets required, and take a reasonable amount of time, we are only going to do 2 trials of each run for this experiment. If the data (times for each trial) do not agree with each other, you may want to consider doing a third run of some of the trials. Good experiments should have a control group. As the control group for this study, we will use room temperature water and one Alka-Seltzer tablet.

Fill a beaker half full with room temperature water. (In each case, measure the water out if you will be using different sized containers.) Use a thermometer to measure and record the temperature of the water.
Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into the beaker.
Measure the time required for the tablet to fully dissolve.
Repeat steps 1 through 3.

Procedure I

These are the materials needed for all the following procedures.

Materials

data sheet
at least 28 Alka-Seltzer tablets (or the store brand equivalent)
several 250-mL beakers (small glasses may be substituted if necessary)
access to hot and cold tap water
ice
cup
spoon
digital thermometer (with a temperature range of at least -20C to 120C)
stopwatch (if you can have your computer with internet near the experiment you can use the following web-site:http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full-screen-stopwatch/)

Note: If you use the same beaker or small glass over and over again, make sure that you clean it thoroughly before you start a new part of the experiment!

Q1.Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction? (This is your hypothesis for Procedure II.) Q2.Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction? (This is your hypothesis for Procedure III.) Q3.Given your current understanding of rates of reaction, what do you expect to be the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction? (This is your hypothesis for Procedure IV.)