Section 8(a)

Can smoking negatively affect one's ability to become pregnant? A study collected data on 678 women who had gone off birth control with the intention of becoming pregnant. Smokers were defined as those who smoked at least one cigarette a day prior to becoming pregnant. The results of the study are summarised in the table below.

	Smoker	Non-smoker	Total
Pregnant	28	204	232
Not pregnant	100	346	446
Total	128	550	678

Calculate the following proportions to two decimal places (2dp), not as a percentage.

What proportion of women were categorised as non-smokers?

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What proportion of women were non-smokers and pregnant?

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What proportion of the women that were pregnant, were also smokers?

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What proportion of the women were non-smokers given they were pregnant?

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