SECTION B: Case Study: USpace Smart Parking Internet of Things (Total: 20 Marks) Introduction Parking in Taipei is at a premium, with strict parking controls that are enforced by the city with heavy fines for illegal parking. In this environment, it is common for residents to rent out their personal parking spaces to commuters and visitors through apps from a number of different providers. To ensure that only authorised vehicles park in these spaces, Chunghwa Telecom has developed an NB IoT powered smart lock that can be used to prevent unauthorised parking. The lock is bolted to the floor and can be raised or lowered remotely. Chunghwa Telecom is aiming to create a new market with the smart lock, as limited parking resources across Taipei can be utilised more effectively to meet growing demands for parking with the use of this technology. NBIoT Deployment Chunghwa Telecom is working in partnership with USPACE, a shared parking space provider, to supply the smart locks. Lock users can rent out their parking space and allow immediate access to the space via the app. Drivers wishing to park can see the location and availability of all parking spaces using the system, and when a space is selected and paid for, the lock is lowered via its NBIoT connection. USPACE provides the lock and app to its customers, and Chunghwa Telecom provides the NBIoT network to connect the locks. Bluetooth Low Energy is also installed in the locks to enable short range communications. In addition to the NBIoT network, Chunghwa Telecom provides the IoT management platform for the service and big data analysis to further improve the service. Benefits to USPACE NBIoT has delivered some significant benefits to USPACE and their customers in launching this new service. Simplicity - The NBIoT connected smart lock is simple to use and does not require training by either the parking space owner or user to understand. All actions are intuitive and quick to respond. NBIoT offers a low latency for message delivery, meaning that the smart locks can be raised and lowered as needed - if a driver arrives at a space that they have reserved and paid for, the lock can be quickly lowered to prevent congestion and frustration. Cost Reductions - As the smart parking locks are distributed across a wide area, NBIoT offers considerable costreductions over other communications mechanisms. NBIoT usesthe existing mobile network and allowsforfully centralised device management across distributed parking areas, meaning that the process of managing the locksissimple and low cost. The status of each lock can be monitored and controlled remotely, which removes the need for manual maintenance and control. Data Analysis - Advanced data analysis can be conducted using both realtime data from the NBIoT network and historic data to spot trends in behaviour. NBIoT allows an overview of the status of all locks connected to the network. User behaviour such as location of spaces and time they are available can provide additional insight such as when spaces are likely to be available, and where the most popular locations are in order to adjust parking rates. Enhanced Battery Life - NBIoT is designed to be power efficient and can run from battery power for up to 10 years, dependent on usage profile. The smart parking service is able to collect battery status from each lock to monitor power consumption and create an alert when a battery needs to be replaced to ensure a continuous service, which additionally minimises maintenance costs by directing crews to replace batteries before they fail. BN103 - Platform Technologies- Final Assessment Trimester 3, 2021 Page 6 of 8 Outcomes and Lessons Learned NBIoT has proven that it is well suited to connecting the USPACE smart locks across a wide area of Taipei, in a range of locations such as parking garages and offstreet parking bays. All smart locks deployed across the city have been able to successfully connect with the NBIoT network, and communicate in realtime the status of the smart locks to the control centre. The data that has been successfully transmitted via NBIoT includes lock open; lock closed; availability status; battery level; time and date; anomaly alert. The smart locks can be controlled directly from the USPACE app, meaning that operation of the locks by the user is as straightforward as possible, with NBIoT enabling a simple process that allows the parking space owner or driver to lock and unlock spaces that they have previously reserved and paid for. NBIoT is designed to support a battery life of up to 10 years, depending on usage profile. The battery performance of the smart locks has resulted in reduced maintenance costs and better visibility of any issues with the smart locks that may require maintenance. The smart lock has been proven in live operation by Chunghwa Telecom and USPACE, and now forms a part of their ongoing strategy, with the lock forsale to the public. The aim isto extend the parking service across the city and free up as many offstreet parking spaces as possible through their monetisation. [Source: https://www.gsma.com/iot/wpcontent/uploads/2018/01/iot_chunghwa_01_18v3.pdf Accessed 4/1/2022] Answer all 2 questions below. Provide intext citation(s) by referring to reputable and authenticated references. 1. In your own words, summarise the benefits of NBIoT deployment for USPACE. Discuss one other application where NBIoT technology is used. (10 Marks) 2. Explain how IoT technology is used to create smart cities. Discuss one smart city application which uses IoT technology.