see the short articles attached and help out to fully answer each question.......

3-4 pages with article reference and indicate which question you are answering on each paragraph Ch. 11 Discussion Questions: \"Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand,\" \"Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion\" along with \"Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations,\" and \"Why Facebook's Imitators Failed\" \"Nationwide's Enduring Slogan...\" article: 7 Using the resource-based theory of the firm, explain how Nationwide's slogan is among its resources that may give it a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals. 8 Is its slogan an \"isolating mechanism\" that could help to give Nationwide a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals? Defend your answer. \"Verizon...\" and \"Yahoo\" articles: 9 Generally, describe/define early mover advantages. What early mover advantages do you think Yahoo had? 10 Generally, describe/define early mover disadvantages. What early mover disadvantages do you think Yahoo had? Considering all of these articles: 11 Why should a potential entrant look at profits of typical firms, and not at profits being made by Nationwide, Verizon, or Yahoo, when considering a move into any of their markets or submarkets? This article has been reproduced with the permission of the New York Times Company. These materials have been made available electronically solely for use by students in Dr. Akhmedjonov's ECON 5315: Managerial Economics for the duration of the Summer2017 semester. These materials may not be further distributed to any person outside of the class, whether by copying or by transmission and whether electronically or in paper form. Zach Schonbrun, Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Vikas Bajaj, Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Jeremy G. Philips, Why Facebook's Imitators Failed, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 David Sheppard and Anjli Raval, Oil re-enters bear market, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Josh Zumbrun, Oil's Plunge Could Help Send Its Price Back Up; Jump in Purchases Less-Fuel-Efficient Vehicles is Expected to Goose Demand, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 James Fontanella-Khan and Arash Massoudi, Coty closes in on $12bn P&G beauty deal, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Lindsay Whipp and Arash Massoudi, Procter & Gamble sells beauty arm to Coty in complex deal, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Emiko Terazono, Young Americans turn to tea, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 John Markoff, IBM and Apple team up to launch iPad for the elderly in Japan, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Hiroko Tabuchi and Danielle Ivory, Takata Is Said to Have Stopped Safety Audits as Cost-Saving Move, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Leslie Josephs and Annie Gasparro, Balance of Power Shifts in Groceries; Natural, organic foods from small producers muscle in on big names, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Waters and Andy Sharman, Divergent unveils part-3D printed supercar, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Gina Kolata, Federal Panel Backs Approval of New Drug to Fight Heart Attacks, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Waters and Andy Sharman, Google hopes all or nothing bet on robot cars will pay off soon, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 John Markoff, IBM Discloses Working Version of a Much Higher-Capacity Chip, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Milne, Lego Wins Trademark Case over Minifigures, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/30/business/mediaationwides-endurin... 1 of 4 http:/yti.ms/1OWw5Qr MEDIA Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand Advertising By ZACH SCHONBRUN MAY 29, 2016 JOEL Raphaelson's most famous contribution to pop culture was hardly his favorite piece of copywriting. \"A little too clunky,\" he said. \"The truth is I wasn't especially proud of it.\" He is proud now, though, at age 87. And after a career in advertising that spanned more than 40 years, that the pithy phrase he suggested in a May 1964 memo \"Nationwide is on your side\" still stands out in an increasingly fragmented and chaotic marketing landscape. Today, few companies can boast that they have remained loyal to their messaging from a campaign born in the 1960s. But the words became so emblematic of Nationwide's ethos that Mr. Raphaelson's typewritten memo once hung in the lobby of its headquarters. The words themselves are hardly even necessary anymore; Peyton Manning needs only to hum Nationwide's infectious jingle for commercial viewers to recognize it. Nationwide brought things back full circle last month, when it named Mr. Raphaelson's former employer, Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, its lead creative agency, replacing McKinney after seven years. Ogilvy, part of WPP, lost the account in 1993, and then in 2013 was added to a roster of agencies involved in the account. Now, it 8/29/2016 2:13 PM Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/30/business/mediaationwides-endurin... 2 of 4 will again handle Nationwide's account on its own. This presents Adam Tucker, president of Ogilvy & Mather Advertising New York, with a relatively unique challenge: Can a brand's messaging stay relevant even when it is tied directly to a tag line that is older than many of its customers? In truth, Mr. Tucker said in an interview from his office on Manhattan's West Side, the success of Nationwide's more recent campaigns, in particular those with Mr. Manning, has helped the 52-year-old \"on your side\" message reach newer audiences. \"In the case of Nationwide, I think it's been a competitive business advantage to stay true to the line,\" Mr. Tucker said. He compared it with another of Ogilvy's clients, IBM, which has had to change its tag line several times to keep up with trends in the technology space. \"We went from e-business to Smarter Planet to Outthink, the new line today,\" Mr. Tucker said of IBM. \"It depends a lot on the category and the business and what makes sense for the brand.\" Terrance Williams, Nationwide's chief marketing officer, says the company annually assesses the influence of the motto but feels it still connects with customers. \"We try to ensure that we're resonating, creating content that's relevant, that cuts through, but maintains the truism of who we are as an organization,\" Mr. Williams said. \"'On your side,' in our view, is really the best way we can convey why we are unique.\" It is not always a given that a longstanding slogan should be grandfathered into every new campaign. In 2012, the car rental company Avis dumped its famous tag line, \"We try harder,\" after 50 years for a new direction: focusing on corporate, rather than leisure, clients. Striking that balance between loyalty to tradition and the desire for something new is not always easy. Wheaties, for instance, has been known as the \"breakfast of champions\" since 1933, and as such, it has featured star athletes including Lou Gehrig and Michael 8/29/2016 2:13 PM Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/30/business/mediaationwides-endurin... 3 of 4 Jordan on the front of its cereal boxes. But today, part of the slogan's success, according to Dave Oehler, marketing manager for Wheaties, derives from its versatility allowing Wheaties to appeal to a range of fans, even those who follow mixed martial arts or motocross. \"This idea of celebrating champions but being able to redefine how we think about champions is what's great about it,\" Mr. Oehler said. \"It still has the flexibility to allow us to evolve.\" Maxwell House has used the slogan \"Good to the last drop\" in all of its messaging since 1917, when the phrase was supposedly uttered by Theodore Roosevelt after a cup of the coffee. \"It's a huge part of the brand's DNA,\" Matt Plumb, director of marketing for Maxwell House, said of the slogan. \"But we still need to make sure it communicates our brand's point of view, our benefits and that those continue to resonate with consumers.\" Most brands today are much quicker to give up on a slogan if it does not gain immediate traction. Dave Taylor, president of Taylor Brand Group, a consulting firm, said the segmentation of the media marketplace has forced some companies to create splintered messages rather than unifying behind a single slogan. Social media has also made marketing managers more sensitive to criticism than in the past. \"It can take a lot of courage, I think, for a brand to say, 'Hey, I think this is a good slogan, and we're going to help people understand what we mean by it,'\" Mr. Taylor said. Mr. Taylor also notes that it might not be a coincidence that another long-lasting active slogan belongs to Allstate, Nationwide's competitor, which has used the phrase \"You're in good hands\" since 1950. \"The insurance business itself doesn't change a lot,\" Mr. Taylor said. \"The concept of the product isn't new it's about security, feeling comfortable with what you got.\" Mr. Raphaelson typically refuses to accept much praise for \"Nationwide is on 8/29/2016 2:13 PM Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/30/business/mediaationwides-endurin... 4 of 4 your side,\" which he said he discovered while flipping through old insurance records from a competitor, State Farm. He could not say for sure why the phrase has resonated, but he thinks that it has had a big effect on Nationwide. \"They internalized it as a kind of stance for the attitude that they wanted their agents to take,\" Mr. Raphaelson said. \"That it should govern their relations with their customers.\" Mr. Tucker said the endurance of \"on your side\" should also be partly attributed to the jingle, which has become catchy enough that the agency could replace the words with silly phrases like \"chicken parm, you taste so good,\" such as in Mr. Manning's recent ads. Mr. Raphaelson admitted that he initially disagreed with the idea of attaching a tune to the phrase early in the campaign. \"I thought that it was a bad idea,\" Mr. Raphaelson said. \"Insurance is a serious business.\" A version of this article appears in print on May 30, 2016, on page B3 of the New York edition with the headline: Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Helps the Brand Stand Apart. 2016 The New York Times Company 8/29/2016 2:13 PM This article has been reproduced with the permission of the Dow Jones Company. These materials have been made available electronically solely for use by students in Dr. Akhmedjonov's ECON 5315: Managerial Economics for the duration of the Summer2017 semester. These materials may not be further distributed to any person outside of the class, whether by copying or by transmission and whether electronically or in paper form. Citations Jeffrey Sparshott and Georgi Kantchev, Oil Prices Poised to Hit Sweet Spot for Global Economy, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Robbie Whelan, Trucking Company Failures on the Rise, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Liz Hoffman, Dana Mattioli and Dana Cimilluca, Snack Giant Mondelez Makes $23 Billion Takeover Bid for Hershey, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Annie Gasparro, Sales Pressure on Mondelez, Hershey Could Bolster Case for Merger, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Ryan Knutson and Deepa Seetharaman, Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Lilian Lin, 'The Great Wall' Trailer is Out: Matt Damon and Chinese Soldiers Battle Monsters, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Sara Randazzo and Mike Spector, Volkswagen to Pay Up to $14.7 Billion to Settle Diesel-Emissions Claims, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Jack Ewing and Hiroko Tabuchi, Volkswagen Scandal Reaches All the Way to the Top, Lawsuits Say, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Kelsey Gee and Julie Wernau, A Cheese Glut is Overtaking America, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Leo Lewis, 'Pokmon Go' shows Nintendo the promise of mobile, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 John W. Miller, Alcoa Details Plans to Split into Two Companies, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Laura Stevens, UPS Boosts Commitment to 3D On Demand Printing, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 David Gelles, Taser International Dominates the Police Body Camera Market, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Holman W. Jenkins, Jr., That Slow Hissing Sound? The Jet Bubble, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Ryan Knutson, Verizon to Raise Monthly Wireless Plans by up to $10 a Month, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Justin Lahart, Wal-Mart Joins Amazon in Squeezing Retail Rivals, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion - WSJ 1 of 5 http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-agrees-to-buy-yahoo-for-4-83-billi... This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com. http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-agrees-to-buy-yahoo-for-4-83-billion-1469444984 TECH Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion Deal with telecom giant merges internet pioneer with longtime rival AOL By RYAN KNUTSON and DEEPA SEETHARAMAN Updated July 25, 2016 12:55 p.m. ET Verizon Communications Inc. on Monday said it would buy Yahoo Inc.'s Web assets for $4.83 billion in cash, ending a drawn-out process for the beleaguered internet company. The price, which includes Yahoo's core internet business and some real estate, caps a remarkable fall for the Silicon Valley web pioneer that had a market capitalization of more than $125 billion at the height of the dot-com boom in early 2000. For New York-based Verizon, the deal adds another piece to the digital media and advertising empire it is trying to build. The companies said the purchase is subject to regulatory and other consents, including approval by Yahoo's shareholders. Until the closing, which is expected in early 2017, the companies said Yahoo will continue to operate independently. The sale doesn't include, among other things, Yahoo's cash, its shares in Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., its shares in Yahoo Japan, and Yahoo's noncore patents, called the Excalibur portfolio. These assets will continue to be held by Yahoo, 8/29/2016 2:08 PM Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion - WSJ 2 of 5 http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-agrees-to-buy-yahoo-for-4-83-billi... which will change its name at closing INTERACTIVE: Yahoo, 1996 - 2016 and become a registered, publicly traded investment company. SALE OF YAHOO As It Ends, Yahoo's Tale Is One of Missed Chances (http://www.wsj.com/articles/what-is-yahoo-riddleplagued-ceos-for-two-decades-1469446207) Verizon Doubles Down on Media With Yahoo Deal (http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-doubles-down-onmedia-with-yahoo-deal-1469465120) Yahoo Posts Another Big Loss (http://www.wsj.com/articles/yahoo-posts-another-loss-highlighting-hurdlesfor-potential-buyers-1468875486) (July 18) Yahoo's Mayer Stumbled After Secret Truce With Investor (http://www.wsj.com/articles/yahoos-marissamayer-stumbled-after-secret-truce-with-prodding-investor-1466174597) (June 17) Yahoo intends to return substantially all of its net cash to shareholders under a plan that it will disclose at a later time. The companies, in Monday's news release, didn't outline the future role for Yahoo Chief Executive Marissa Mayer; however, in an email to employees, Ms. Mayer said \"For me personally, I'm planning to stay.\" She stands to make more than $50 million in compensation if she is terminated as a result of the sale, after earning over $100 million in cash and equity. When the bidding began in April, Verizon was the immediate front-runner with a market capitalization of roughly $228 billion and a plan for how to plug Yahoo into its upstart digital media business, which includes AOL properties it acquired last year for $4.4 billion. Yahoo will be integrated with AOL under Marni Walden, president of product innovation and new businesses at Verizon, the companies said. 8/29/2016 2:08 PM Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion - WSJ 3 of 5 http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-agrees-to-buy-yahoo-for-4-83-billi... Yahoo shares fell 2.7% to $38.33 and Verizon dropped less than 1% to $55.76, both in midday trading in New York. Verizon's competition came primarily from private-equity firms such as Bain Capital, Vista Equity Partners, TPG and Advent International Inc., as well as a group led by Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert. AT&T Inc. joined the bidding later, but wasn't considered a serious contender, people familiar with the matter have said. Verizon in June submitted a bid of $3 billion, but that didn't include Yahoo's real estate and came before last week's final round of bidding. Verizon is building a portfolio of online content and aiming to monetize it via advertising. Its current assets include Huffington Post and TechCrunch, which it acquired in last year's AOL deal, and its own mobile video app, called go90. Acquiring Yahoo will bring in millions more viewers from Yahoo sites like Finance, Sports and News. Verizon also hopes to plug data derived from smartphones into AOL, and now Yahoo's, digital advertising systems, and it is aiming to build a competitor to online advertising giants Facebook Inc. and Alphabet Inc.'s Google. The combined Yahoo and AOL would remain outpaced by its far-larger rivals. Google and Facebook will account for more than half of the $69 billion U.S. digital ad market this year, according to estimates by data firm eMarketer. Yahoo's share is expected to be 3.4%; Verizon properties including AOL would hold 1.8% of the market, according to eMarketer. Yahoo's grip on the market is also slipping. In 2014, Yahoo generated $2.54 billion 8/29/2016 2:08 PM Verizon Agrees to Buy Yahoo's Web Assets for $4.83 Billion - WSJ 4 of 5 http://www.wsj.com/articles/verizon-agrees-to-buy-yahoo-for-4-83-billi... in revenue from U.S. digital ads. That is expected to be $2.32 billion in 2016, or 8.7% lower, according to eMarketer. Last week, Yahoo said second-quarter revenue, less commissions paid to partners for web traffic, fell 19%. It was the sixth drop in the past seven periods and the steepest slump under Ms. Mayer. The Sunnyvale, Calif., company also said display ad prices fell 15% year-over-year in the second quarter, while search ad prices fell 8%. During a conference call with analysts, executives said video ad prices were under pressure because of an influx of video ad supply and \"uncertainty\" around the Yahoo sale process. The Verizon deal is the first major step toward unwinding Yahoo. Next up is a trove of about 3,000 patents, which Yahoo is selling in a separate auction, that is expected to fetch more than $1 billion. The patents date back to Yahoo's initial public offering in 1996 and cover key areas such as e-commerce, online advertising and search, including its original search technology. Yahoo also will need to figure out what to do with its stakes in Yahoo Japan Corp., majority-owned by SoftBank Group Corp., and Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., considered to make up the majority of Yahoo's roughly $36 billion market value today. If the Verizon-Yahoo deal gets terminated, Yahoo may be required to pay Verizon a termination fee of $144.8 million in certain circumstances. George Stahl contributed to this article. Write to Ryan Knutson at ryan.knutson@wsj.com and Deepa Seetharaman at Deepa.Seetharaman@wsj.com 8/29/2016 2:08 PM This article has been reproduced with the permission of the New York Times Company. These materials have been made available electronically solely for use by students in Dr. Akhmedjonov's ECON 5315: Managerial Economics for the duration of the Summer2017 semester. These materials may not be further distributed to any person outside of the class, whether by copying or by transmission and whether electronically or in paper form. Zach Schonbrun, Nationwide's Enduring Slogan Still Distinguishes the Brand, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Vikas Bajaj, Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Jeremy G. Philips, Why Facebook's Imitators Failed, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 David Sheppard and Anjli Raval, Oil re-enters bear market, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Josh Zumbrun, Oil's Plunge Could Help Send Its Price Back Up; Jump in Purchases Less-Fuel-Efficient Vehicles is Expected to Goose Demand, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 James Fontanella-Khan and Arash Massoudi, Coty closes in on $12bn P&G beauty deal, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Lindsay Whipp and Arash Massoudi, Procter & Gamble sells beauty arm to Coty in complex deal, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Emiko Terazono, Young Americans turn to tea, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 John Markoff, IBM and Apple team up to launch iPad for the elderly in Japan, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Hiroko Tabuchi and Danielle Ivory, Takata Is Said to Have Stopped Safety Audits as Cost-Saving Move, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Leslie Josephs and Annie Gasparro, Balance of Power Shifts in Groceries; Natural, organic foods from small producers muscle in on big names, The Wall Street Journal, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Waters and Andy Sharman, Divergent unveils part-3D printed supercar, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Gina Kolata, Federal Panel Backs Approval of New Drug to Fight Heart Attacks, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Waters and Andy Sharman, Google hopes all or nothing bet on robot cars will pay off soon, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 John Markoff, IBM Discloses Working Version of a Much Higher-Capacity Chip, The New York Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Richard Milne, Lego Wins Trademark Case over Minifigures, The Financial Times, viewed online on August 29, 2016 Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations - The New ... 1 of 2 http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/opinion/yahoo-a-web-pioneer-clear... http:/yti.ms/2apXIHD The Opinion Pages | EDITORIAL NOTEBOOK Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations By VIKAS BAJAJ JULY 26, 2016 If a team of entrepreneurs tried to sell venture capitalists on a business that sought to organize all the information on the internet, it would be laughed out of the room today. But during the early years of the web, which are not all that distant, Yahoo did exactly that and did it well. On Monday, Verizon announced that it would buy Yahoo's core internet operations and land holdings for $4.8 billion, a relative pittance for companies in Silicon Valley. Many analysts and former employees bemoan the missed opportunities and bad decisions that left Yahoo far behind younger and nimbler companies, like Facebook, whose shares are worth about $348 billion, and Google's parent, Alphabet, which is worth about $507 billion. However, I come not to bury Yahoo, but to remember it fondly. In the 1990s, when I started writing about technology, the company was a central pillar of the internet. Yahoo was referred to as a \"web portal,\" and millions of people began their explorations of the online world through its home page. Internet connections were generally slow and unreliable, and there were no iPhones or Androids. It might sound terribly antiquated now, but it felt new and exciting then. Yahoo categorized and brought order to the fast-growing forest that was the web. Its curators carefully hacked through the weeds and jumped across the ravines to bring us to the digital equivalent of exotic plants and wildlife. Search technology was in its infancy, and people needed someone to help them find what this new, or new to 8/29/2016 2:14 PM Yahoo, a Web Pioneer, Cleared the Way for Many Innovations - The New ... 2 of 2 http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/opinion/yahoo-a-web-pioneer-clear... them, world had to offer. Yahoo also allowed its users to create their own versions of the web through its My Yahoo service. Many people, myself included, diligently designed our personalized pages. On the top of the left-hand column I placed my email inbox, below which was a Yahoo Finance box, which displayed stock prices. In the middle I had news headlines. And in the right-hand column I placed the weather and sports scores. I would look at that page several times a day to catch up on things I was interested in or had to keep track of for work. Google, Facebook, Twitter and other sites gradually displaced Yahoo because they offered better ways to find information and interact with others. I still have a Yahoo email account, but I rarely check it. The My Yahoo page I carefully tended no longer exists. I might have stayed loyal to Yahoo if it had acquired or built a really good search engine or social networking site. Still, there is no denying that Yahoo was a pioneer that cleared the thicket for those other businesses to flourish. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook and Twitter (@NYTOpinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter. A version of this editorial appears in print on July 26, 2016, on page A26 of the New York edition with the headline: Remembering Yahoo's Pioneering Early Days. 2016 The New York Times Company 8/29/2016 2:14 PM