Select the appropriate study design (A F) for scenarios presented in questions 23 26 (1 point each) You can use the same response multiple times if you think appropriate Randomized Clinical Trial Prospective Cohort Study Retrospective Cohort Study Case Control Study Cross sectional Study Ecologic Study A study in Sweden investigated the association between coagulation factor XII (exposure) and myocardial infarction (disease) A total of 1,852 subjects were recruited for the study during the year 1994 Subjects were grouped into 'normal exposure' and 'high exposure' groups based on their coagulation factor XII values The two groups were followed forwards in time for 10 years to study incidence of myocardial infarction, or until the end of the study period (Johansson et al , 2017) The association of caffeine intake with testosterone remains unclear A study evaluated the association of caffeine intake with serum testosterone among American men and determined whether this association varied by race ethnicity and measurements of adiposity Data were analyzed for 2581 men (20years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey No linear association was identified between levels of caffeine intake and testosterone in US men, but we observed a non linear association, including among racial ethnic groups and measurements of adiposity (Lopez et al , 2018) Between 2010 and 2014, a study in San Diego and Pittsburg, with a masked outcome assessment, examined the role of brief behavioral therapy (BBT) (Treatment 1) and standard assisted referral to care (ARC) (Treatment 2) on anxiety and depression among pediatric cases Youth who met DSM IV criteria for full or probable diagnoses of anxiety or depression lived with a consenting legal guardian for at least 6 months and spoke English were included in the study Youth who received an alternate treatment for anxiety or depression were excluded from the study Eligible youth were randomly assigned to receive BBT or ARC treatments The study found that BBT treatment for anxiety and depression is associated with benefits superior to those of ARC to outpatient mental health care (Weersing et al , 2017) A Zikavirus epidemic emerged in northeast Brazil in 2015 and was followed by a striking increase in congenital microcephaly cases, triggering a declaration of an international public health emergency Researchers conducted a study evaluating the potential causes of microcephaly congenital Zika virus infection, vaccines, and larvicides Cases were neonates born with microcephaly, defined as a head circumference of 2 standard deviations below the mean Two controls without microcephaly were matched to each case by the expected date of delivery and area of residence The overall matched odds ratio was 731 (95 CI 130 ) for microcephaly and Zika virus infection after adjustment for potential confounders Neither vaccination during pregnancy nor the use of pyriproxyfen (larvicide) was associated with microcephaly (de Araujo et al , 2018)

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Select the appropriate study design (A-F) for scenarios presented in questions 23-26 (1 point each). You can use the same response multiple times if you

Select the appropriate study design (A-F) for scenarios presented in questions 23-26 (1 point each). You can use the same response multiple times if you think appropriate.

Randomized Clinical Trial
Prospective Cohort Study
Retrospective Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Cross-sectional Study
Ecologic Study

A study in Sweden investigated the association between coagulation factor XII (exposure) and myocardial infarction (disease). A total of 1,852 subjects were recruited for the study during the year 1994. Subjects were grouped into 'normal exposure' and 'high exposure' groups based on their coagulation factor XII values. The two groups were followed forwards in time for 10 years to study incidence of myocardial infarction, or until the end of the study period (Johansson et al., 2017)

The association of caffeine intake with testosterone remains unclear. A study evaluated the association of caffeine intake with serum testosterone among American men and determined whether this association varied by race/ethnicity and measurements of adiposity. Data were analyzed for 2581 men (20years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey. No linear association was identified between levels of caffeine intake and testosterone in US men, but we observed a non-linear association, including among racial/ethnic groups and measurements of adiposity (Lopez et al., 2018)

Between 2010 and 2014, a study in San Diego and Pittsburg, with a masked outcome assessment, examined the role of brief behavioral therapy (BBT) (Treatment 1) and standard assisted referral to care (ARC) (Treatment 2) on anxiety and depression among pediatric cases. Youth who met DSM-IV criteria for full or probable diagnoses of anxiety or depression; lived with a consenting legal guardian for at least 6 months; and spoke English were included in the study. Youth who received an alternate treatment for anxiety or depression were excluded from the study. Eligible youth were randomly assigned to receive BBT or ARC treatments. The study found that BBT treatment for anxiety and depression is associated with benefits superior to those of ARC to outpatient mental health care (Weersing et al., 2017)

A Zikavirus epidemic emerged in northeast Brazil in 2015 and was followed by a striking increase in congenital microcephaly cases, triggering a declaration of an international public health emergency. Researchers conducted a study evaluating the potential causes of microcephaly: congenital Zika virus infection, vaccines, and larvicides. Cases were neonates born with microcephaly, defined as a head circumference of 2 standard deviations below the mean. Two controls without microcephaly were matched to each case by the expected date of delivery and area of residence. The overall matched odds ratio was 731 (95% CI 130-) for microcephaly and Zika virus infection after adjustment for potential confounders. Neither vaccination during pregnancy nor the use of pyriproxyfen (larvicide) was associated with microcephaly (de Araujo et al., 2018)