Selected accounts included in the property, plant, and equipment section of Carlton Corporation$$s balance sheet at December $31,$

During year $8,$ the following transactions occurred:

a$)$ A machine costing $$16,000$ on January $1,$ year $1,$ was scrapped on June $30,$ year $8.$ Straight$-$line depreciation had been recorded on the basis of a $10-$year life with no salvage value.

b$)$ A machine was sold for $$48,000$ on July $1,$ year $8.$ Original cost of the machine was $$74,000$ on January $1,$ year $5,$ and it was depreciated on the straight$-$line basis over an estimated useful life of eight years and a salvage value of $$2,000.$

$4.$ Calculate the gain or loss on the disposal of each asset.