Several factors influence the value obtained for a t statistic. Some factors affect the numerator of the t statistic and others influence the size of the estimated standard error in the denominator.

The factor: Increase the variability of the scores. Assume that all other factors remain constant.

1. Indicate whether the factor (increase of variability of the scores) influences the numerator or denominator of the t statistic
2. Determine whether the effect would be to increase the value of t (farther from zero) or decrease the value of t (closer to zero).