Sheaves Corporation economists estimate that a good business environment and a bad business environment are equally likely for the coming year. Management must choose between two mutually exclusive projects. Assume that the project chosen will be the firms only activity and that the firm will close one year from today. The firm is obligated to make a $4,500 payment to bondholders at the end of the year. The projects have the same systematic risk, but different volatilities. Consider the following information pertaining to the two projects:

Economy		Probability		Low-Volatility Project Payoff				High-Volatility Project Payoff
Bad		.50		$	4,500			$	3,900
Good		.50			5,200				5,800

a. What is the expected value of the firm if the low-volatility project is undertaken? What if the high-volatility project is undertaken? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole dollar, e.g., 32.)

Expected value of the firm
Low-volatility project value	$
High-volatility project value	$

b. What is the expected value of the firms equity if the low-volatility project is undertaken? What is it if the high-volatility project is undertaken? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole dollar, e.g., 32.)

Expected value of the firm's equity
Low-volatility project value	$
High-volatility project value	$

c. Which project would the firms stockholders prefer?

• High-volatility project

• Low-volatility project

d. Suppose bondholders are fully aware that stockholders might choose to maximize equity value rather than total firm value and opt for the high-volatility project. To minimize this agency cost, the firm's bondholders decide to use a bond covenant to stipulate that the bondholders can demand a higher payment if the firm chooses to take on the high-volatility project. What payment to bondholders would make stockholders indifferent between the two projects? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole dollar, e.g., 32.) Payment to bondholders $