Shelly, Kelly & Mark (SKM) are auditors of Mass. SKM's IT consulting division has undertaken a number of accounts receivable management system implementation projects and is actively looking for opportunities to perform more of this type of work. As a result, SKM's IT consulting division is planning to submit a proposal to implement an accounts receivable management system at Mass.

(a) identify and explain the two primary threats to independence for SKM.

(b) Outline an appropriate safeguard to address each of the threats identified above.