Show that the following are equivalent to differential equations, find the resolvent (or pseudo-resolvent) operator, and solve the integral equation. (a) u(x) = 1+ f u(y)dy, for all values of A. (b) u(x) = 1 + f(y- x)u(y)dy. (c) u(x) = 1 +x + f (x y)u(y)dy.