Shown here is an income statement in the traditional format for a firm with a sales volume of 18,000 units:

Revenues	$	144,000
Cost of goods sold ($9,000 + $2.80/unit)		59,400
Gross profit	$	84,600
Operating expenses:
Selling ($2,250 + $0.85/unit)		17,550
Administration ($4,900 + $0.35/unit)		11,200
Operating income	$	55,850

Required:

1. Prepare an income statement in the contribution margin format.
2. Calculate the contribution margin per unit and the contribution margin ratio.
3. Calculate the firm's operating income (or loss) if the volume changed to

1. 23,000 units.
2. 10,000 units.

4. Refer to your answer to part a when total revenues were $144,000. Calculate the firm's operating income (or loss) if unit selling price and variable expense per unit do not change and total revenues

1. Increase by $13,500.
2. Decrease by $7,500.