SIGMUND FREUD1856-1939

Austrian neurologist trained in Vienna

Founder of psychoanalysis

Model of personality and a psychotherapy approach

Most contemporary models of psychotherapy have been influenced by Freud

KEY CONCEPTS

Human nature is deterministic

determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological/instinctual drives

Life instincts/survival instincts: oriented toward growth, development, and creativity

Life goals = gaining pleasure and avoiding pain Death instincts account for the aggressive drive; unconscious wish to die, hurt others, or self

Managing this drive is a challenge for humanity STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

ID: The demanding child; ruled by pleasure principle

EGO: The traffic cop; ruled by reality principle

SUPEREGO: The judge; ruled by the morality principle

EGO DEFENSEMECHANISMS

Normal behaviours which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality

Help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed

Have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality

EGO-DEFENSE MECHANISMS

1. Complete exercise on your own(5 minutes)

2. Share with a partner (3 minutes)

3. Debrief as a group

THERAPEUTICPROCESS

Make the unconscious conscious Strengthen ego so behaviour is based more on reality vs instincts

Use blank-screen approach to foster transference relationship

Help clients achieve insight into their problems, increase awareness of ways to change, and thus gain more control over their lives

PSYCHOANALYTIC TECHNIQUES

Maintaining the analytic frame

Analysis of resistance

Analysis of transference

Free Association

Interpretation

Dream Analysis

CONTEMPORARYPSYCHODYNAMICTHERAPY

Object Relations: Emphasizes interpersonal relationships as these are represented intrapsychically, and as they influence our interactions with people

Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut):Emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects) to develop our own sense of self

Mirroring, idealizing, and twinship

Relational Psychoanalysis: Emphasizes the interactive process between client and therapist

Brief Psychodynamic Therapy: applies the principles of psychodynamic theory and therapy to treating selective disorders within 10 to 25 sessions

THE HILL COGNITIVE-EXPERIENTIALMODEL OF DREAM INTERPRETATION

Derived from different theoretical orientations -psychoanalytic, humanistic, experiential, Gestalt, cognitive, and behavioural

Research (~15 studies) shows that this is an effective tool to increase insight and make changes in clients 'lives (see Hill & Rochlen, 2002)

THE HILLCOGNITIVE-EXPERIENTIALMODEL OF DREAMINTERPRETATION

Exploration

Insight

Action

EXPLORATION STAGE

1. Client retells dream in first person present tense

2. Client explores feelings in dream and upon waking

3. Explore major images sequentially using DRAW

A) Describe

B) Re-experience

C) Associate

D) Waking Life Triggers

INSIGHT STAGE

1) Ask client for initial understanding of the meaning of the dream

2) Collaborate with client to construct meaning of the dream on atleast one of: waking life, parts of self, experience, spiritual, relationship (if couple's therapy)

3) Ask client to summarize meaning

ACTION STAGE

1) Ask client to change the dream

2) Bridge to changes in waking life

3) Ask client to summarize action plan

JOURNAL PROMPT

You may respond to one of the following, or reflect on something else from today's class:

How is the Hill Model of Dream Interpretation similar to and different from traditional psychoanalytic theory?

What are your thoughts on psychoanalysis? What appeals to you about this approach? What do you find problematic