Signed by 54 of the 55 African Union (AU) member states as of June 2022, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement has the potential to connect 1.3 billion people across 55 African countries. In addition, the AfCFTA aims to bring the 1.3 billion people into a combined gross domestic product valued at approximately 3.4 trillion United States of America dollars (USD3.4 trillion), according to the World Bank, creating a single market for goods and services that could significantly boost intra-African trade and investment. The implementation of the AfCFTA will be realised through nine trade areas, also known as protocols, namely, the Protocol on Investment, Protocol on Digital Trade, Protocol on Trade in Goods, Protocol on Trade in Services, Protocol on Competition Policy, Protocol on Women and Youth in Trade, Protocol on Customs and Trade Facilitation, Protocol on Dispute Settlement Mechanism, and Protocol on Intellectual Property Rights.

1. Briefly introduce the AfCFTA and its significance for intra-African trade and highlight the role of digital trade in enhancing economic integration and growth.
2. Define e-commerce within the context of the AfCFTA as the buying and selling of goods and services online and stress the importance of the Protocol on Digital Trade in fostering digital economic activities across borders.
3. Discuss the need for robust digital infrastructure (e.g., broadband connectivity, reliable power supply) to support seamless cross-border online transactions and explain how improved digital infrastructure can reduce transaction costs and enhance market access.
4. Highlight the significance of enabling secure cross-border data flows while respecting data privacy regulations and explain the benefits of data sharing for market research, supply chain optimization, and personalized services.
5. Discuss the importance of efficient and secure e-payment systems for facilitating cross-border transactions, explain how digital financial inclusion can empower SMEs and consumers, fostering economic participation and emphasize the need for regulations that safeguard consumers' rights in online transactions.
6. Highlight the critical nature of cybersecurity in ensuring the safety of online transactions and data and explain the potential threats of cyberattacks and the importance of preventive measures.
7. Discuss how digital technologies enable real-time tracking of goods, enhancing supply chain visibility and explain how automation and data analytics can streamline customs procedures, reducing delays.
8. Illustrate how optimized logistics and digital inventory management can lead to cost savings and discuss the potential for just-in-time inventory and reduced warehousing needs.