Simple Electric Motor

Objective: To build explore magnetic forces and torques by building a simple electric motor. More sophisticated DC electric motors will be researched as well.

Methods

We will build the simplest possible electric motor by making a loop of wire and connecting it to a battery in the vicinity of a bar magnet.

Equipment

1 Length of magnet wire

1 AA Battery

2 Paper clips

1 Scraper or Dull Knife

Setup

Starting with approximately 20" of magnet wire, make a coil using a C battery as a form. You will need approximately 2" of wire on opposite sides of the coil to use as axles so do not wind all of your wire around the battery.

-Carefully remove the coil from the battery.

Your coil will need to be secured by looping the wires that will be the axles through the coil one or two times thus binding the coil together and holding the axles in place.

It is important to balance the coil as much as possible. The loose length of wire shown in the diagram above will form a half loop and cause the coil to be unbalanced (The top will weigh more than the bottom). Instead of forming a half loop, bring the loose wire straight across the diameter of the coil. Now loop this wire through the coil one or two times to secure the coil and axle in place.

Once your coil is secure, you will need to remove some of the insulation that is coating the wire. It is important to only remove half of the insulation around the circumference of the wire.

With the axles horizontal and the coil held in a vertical position, carefully remove the top half of the insulation from each axle using sand paper. Place the axle on the sanding board and move the sand paper away from the coil towards the end of the axle in a uniform stroke. Do not try to run the sand paper back towards the coil. The sanding stroke should start at the coil and move towards the end of the axle. This method will least likely cause the wire to bend. It is important to remove the insulation from the same 'top' side on both axles. Otherwise, current will not flow.

Align your axles the best you can so that they are in line with each other at opposite sides of the coil. Place a bar magnet on the table with one of the poles pointing toward you, and the other pointing away. Alternatively, a small round magnet my be stuck to the battery, as in the picture below.

Bend two paper clips so that the axles of the motor will be able to slide into position under the battery.

While holding one paper clip in place at each end of the battery with your thumb and finger, slide the coil into position under the battery and hold it over the magnet. The lowest portion of the wire should be close to the magnet, but not touching it. Flick the coil gently with your finger if the coil does not begin to turn. If your coil does not turn continuously, check to make sure that the insulation was removed in the proper locations and that a sufficient amount of insulation was removed.

1- Explain why the motor turns. Consider the Lorentz (magnetic) force, and how this would apply here.

2- Why did you have to remove only half the insulation on the ends of the wire?

3- What would happen if you removed all of it?

Now that we have seen how electric motors work in principle, go to https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/motor-types-electric-industrial-drives and read about the different types of electric motors.

4- PLEASE explain in details howThe DC series motor type of motor works. please explain the difference between the DC series motors and the rest of the motors. The type of motor listed on the website, they all operate by similar principles. They all rely on magnetic forces on current-carrying wires to produce a torque.

Link: https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/motor-types-electric-industrial-drives