Single Choice

Despite advances in techniques and understanding, there remain significant challenges to ESG integration. Which of the following is NOT one of those challenges?

ESG assessments are wholly subjective and incapable of rational numerical analysis.

Portfolios may include bad$-$actor firms that greenwash their corporate disclosures.

Managers must report short$-$term performance, hence that takes priority over long$-$term factors ESG factors.

Dubious assessment criteria with flawed or subjective assessments obscures important ESG factors.