Slide 1 The Problem. Industrialization has given rise to a distinctive type of division of labor, one which restricts individual autonomy. * In all societies where there is production for exchange, there is a social division of labor. * Only in industrial societies has there been a significant development of the detailed division of labor. * Detaled division labor can also be termed the hierarchical division of labor. * The detailed division of labor is where a productive speciality is divided into various tasks and when persons specialize in performing one, or at most a fee, of those tasks. * Adam Smith describing how pins are made in a factory: "One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points if and so on to eighteen distinct operations. * Under this division of labor, a number of individuals cooperate to produce products that can be exchanged in society at lange. * This form of cooperation is essentially hierarchical: some tasks are assuaged to specialists who are managers, and over tasks are assigned to specialists who detail worcers. * The task of the manager is to determine what tasks the detaied worker does and how