smart.AI Ltd. is an Alberta-based software engineering firm that specializes in artificial intelligence research and commercialization. smart.AI considers that its algorithms, business processes and its client/customer lists to be confidential.

a) Describe the three general types of restrictive covenants that may be included in, or otherwise apply to, a contract of employment or in the post-employment setting.

b) Why is it often difficult for employers to enforce restrictive covenants in employee's (or past employee's) contracts?

c) Explain how you would construct restrictive covenants to make them enforceable. How would you alter your strategy with junior employees as opposed to key employees or executives?