Smiths:\ \ * 1. Calculate Adjusted Gross Income (AGI):\ * Wages and Salaries: $50,000\ * Taxable Interest Income: $5,000\ * Deductible IRA Contributions: $1,980\ * AGI = Wages + Interest - Deductible IRA = $50,000 + $5,000 - $1,980 = $53,020\ \ * 2. Determine Taxable Income:\ * Standard Deduction for Married Filing Jointly: $27,700\ * Taxable Income = AGI - Standard Deduction = $53,020 - $27,700 = $25,320\ \ * 3. Calculate Tax:\ * $2,200.00 + 12% of the excess over $22,000\ * Tax = $2,200 + 0.12 * ($25,320 - $22,000)\ \ * 4. Calculate Withholdings:\ * Withholdings = $1,500*\ \ * 5. Compute Refund or Tax Due:\ * Refund (or Tax Due) = Withholdings - Tax\ \ \ Mittens:\ \ * 1. Calculate Adjusted Gross Income (AGI):\ * Wages and Salaries: $115,000\ * Taxable Interest Income: $1,000\ * Deductible IRA Contributions: $13,000\ * Itemized Deductions: $33,000\ * Child Tax Credit: $4,000\ * AGI = Wages + Interest - Deductible IRA + Itemized Deductions - Child Tax Credit = $115,000 + $1,000 - $13,000 + $33,000 - $4,000 = $132,000\ \ * 2. Determine Taxable Income:\ * Standard Deduction for Married Filing Jointly: $27,700\ * Taxable Income = AGI - Standard Deduction = $132,000 - $27,700 = $104,300\ \ * 3. Calculate Tax:\ * Follow the tax brackets for Married Filing Jointly.\ \ * 4. Calculate Withholdings:\ * Withholdings = $1,850*\ \ * 5. Compute Refund or Tax Due:\ * Refund (or Tax Due) = Withholdings - Tax\ \ \ **Note: The actual tax calculation involves applying the appropriate tax rates for each bracket, but the steps provided give a general overview of the process. The actual tax software or tax tables should be used for precise calculations.