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Smoking causes lung cancer. Which of the following is necessary to establish causality for the above claim? 0 a.) Keep all variables the same to

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Smoking causes lung cancer. Which of the following is necessary to establish causality for the above claim? 0 a.) Keep all variables the same to get duplicate results. b.) Not considering other possible causes of lung cancer. c.) Use only an observational study to show that smoking causes lung cancer. d.) Look for cases where correlation between smoking and lung cancer remains while other variables vary

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