Solve with the given info:

You are the mud engineer of the drilling fluids service provider in a drilling project. Use the concepts and methods that you have learned in Lab exercises 2 and 3 to formulate and build 1 lab barrel (see question 1 below) of inhibited polyanionic cellulose (PAC) water- based fluid to the following desired specifications. Density = 10 lbm/gal (Barite SG=4.23) 15 cp

Recap from Chemistry: Molar concentration = Number of moles of solute per liter of solution. pOH=log10([OH])=14pH Ca(OH)2 (aq) Ca(aq)2+ +2(OH)(aq) [OH]=2[Ca(OH)2] Brine and barite: Use the ABC chart and mass/volume balance in Appendix B to obtain the amount of barite (weighting material) and brine solution (fresh water + mass of salt) that are needed. Salt Concentration: Use the nomograph in Appendix A to obtain an estimate of the required CaCl2 salt concentration (ppm = % by weight x 10,000) Bentonite Start with 15 lb/bbl bentonite. Possible deviation from desired rheology can be adjusted by adding appropriate amounts of deflocculants, or if necessary, polymer viscosifier. PAC: Refer to the product datasheet and your experience from lab 4, for the appropriate amount of Drillpac. (2.5 lbm/bbl) Thinner/deflocculant: Use 1lbm/bbl CC-16. Use small amount of Desco if extra thinner is needed.

Recall that 1 lab barrel of drilling fluid is to be mixed for lab 04 experiment. 1. The "lab barrel" concept is often used by mud engineers to mix laboratory-scale volumes of drilling fluids. Suppose the drilling fluid design requires an amount of x (lbm/bbl) concentration of product A. What should be the total volume of the fluid built in the lab in (ml), so that x grams of product A produces an equivalent concentration of x (lbm/bbl)? (10 points) 2. Obtain the mass of CaCl2 salt that you would need to add from the required electrical resistivity of the fluid. (10 points) 3. (a) what is the maximum solubility of lime (g/L) in water? If excess lime exists in the solution, the chemical reaction formula will turn into an equilibrium. (10 points) Ca(OH)2Ca(aq)2++2(OH)(aq) Use solubility product, Ksp=5.02106, for lime. (b) From the required PH of fluid, estimate the mass of Ca(OH)2 (g) that needs to be added to the drilling fluid. As an approximation, assume the displaced volume of other solids in the WBF is negligible when calculating the required mass of lime to achieve the desired concentration in water (10 points)