Sound Tek inc, manufactures electronic stereo equipment. The monufacturing process includes printed dircult (PC) board assembly, final assembly, testing, and shipping. In the PC board assembly operation, a number of individuals are responsible for assembling electronic components into printed circuit boards. Each operator is responsible for soldering components according to a given set of instructions. Operators work on batches of 45 printed circult boards. Each bosrd requires 5 minutes of board assembly time. After each botch is completed, the operator moves the assembled boards to the final assembly area, This move takes 10 minutes to complete. The final assembly for each stereo unit requires 15 minutes and is also done in batches of 45 units. A batch of 45 stereos is moved into the test buliding, which E across the stroet. The move takes 20 minutes. Before conducting the test, the test equipment must be set up for the particular stereo model. The test sekup requires 25 minutes. The units wait while the setup is performed. In the final test, the 45 -unit batch is tested one at a time. Each test requires 9 minutes. The completed batch, after all testing, is sent to shipping for packaging and fnal shipment to customers. A complete batch of 45 units is sent from testing to shipping. The Shipping Department is located next to testing. Thus, there is no move time between these two operations. Packaging and labeling requires 10 minutes per unit. Required: 1. Determine the amount of value-added and non-value-added lead time and the value-added ratio in this process for an average stereo unit in a batch of 45 . units. Round percentages to one decimal place. Categorize the non-value-added time into wait and move time. 2. Move time in this process could best be reduced by: a. Doing nothing. b. Changing the layout from a process orientation to a product orientation. c. Inereasing batch sizes. d. Eliminating the testing step. e. Hiring more workers