Squeeze is on SA lemon juice exporters after US sees possible dumping Early indication is imports from SA and Brazil materially harm the US industry Investigators at the US trade watchdog have found a "reasonable indication" that imported SA lemon juice materially harms the industry in the US, the body said, opting to deepen anti-dumping investigations. If dumping is found in the US and duties are imposed, it puts the lucrative export under threat as the excess SA volumes will be forced to move to smaller markets, further suppressing prices and increasing the probability of anti-dumping actions in those markets. Key markets for SA citrus include China, India, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam and the European Union. The US is the biggest aggregate market: R165m worth was exported from SA to the US in 2021, up 61% from R102m in 2018... The initial investigation by the US International Trade Commission (USITC) kicked off in December after citrus juice giant Ventura Coastal, one of only two US producers of lemon juice, alleged unfair competition... Citrus exports have been a green shoot for local growers in recent years. The Citrus Growers Association of Southern Africa, another industry group, estimated the sector would export an unprecedented 158-million cartons in 2021. It highlighted that medium-term crop estimates indicate the citrus industry is expected to keep increasing its exports by another 300,000 tonnes over the next three years. The California-based petitioner complained that SA producers have sold their lemon juice in the US at prices below market value, resulting in a dumping margin of 128.61%. It has lodged a similar complaint against Brazil, claiming its dumping margin is 555.22%. The US has previously imposed tariffs on imports of lemon juice from Argentina and Mexico. Source: https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/business/2022-02-16-squeeze-is-on-sa-lemon-juice-exporters-after-us-sees-possible-dumping/

Which of the following reasons for trade are South African citrus growers pursuing as the extract demonstrates? a) Absolute advantage b) Comparative advantage c) Applying political pressure d) Investment in the global economy