Standard Costing Swift Manufacturing Ltd has the following standard cost sheet for one of its products: Direct Materials (4 metres @ $5 per metre) $20 Direct Labour (1.0 hr @ $20 per hour) 20 Fixed overhead (1.0 hr @ $2 per hour)* 2 Variable overheads (1.0 hr @ $4 per hour) 4 $46 *The fixed overhead rate is based on the expected activity of 5,000 hours. During the most recent year the following actual results were recorded: Production 6,000 units Direct materials (23,500 metres purchased and used) $122,200 Direct labour (5,800 hours) $117,160 Fixed overheads 12,000 Variable overheads $21,000 REQUIRED: Calculate the following variances:

a) Materials price and usage variances

b) Labour rate and efficiency variances

c) Variable overhead spending and efficiency variances