Starfax, Incorporated, manufactures a small part that is widely used in various electronic products such as home computers. Results for the first three years of operations were as follows (absorption costing basis): Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales $ 822,400 $ 657,920 $ 822,400 Cost of goods sold 596,240 411,200 637,360 Gross margin 226, 160 246,720 185,040 Selling and administrative expenses 195.320 185,040 174,760 Net operating income (loss) $ 30,840 $ 61,680 $ 110,2801 In the latter part of Year 2, a competitor went out of business and in the process dumped a large number of units on the market. As a result, Starfax's sales dropped by 20% during Year 2 even though production increased during the year. Management had expected sales to remain constant at 51.400 units, the increased production was designed to provide the company with a buffer of protection against unexpected spurts in demand. By the start of Year 3, management could see that it had excess inventory and that spurts in demand were unlikely. To reduce the excessive inventories, Starfax cut back production during Year 3, as shown below: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Production in units 51,400 61, 680 41,120 Sales in units 51,400 41, 120 51,400 Additional information about the company follows: a. The company's plant is highly automated. Variable manufacturing expenses (direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead) total only $2.00 per unit, and fixed manufacturing overhead expenses total $493,440 per year. b. A new fixed manufacturing overhead rate is computed each year based on that year's actual fixed manufacturing overhead costs divided by the actual number of units produced. Variable selling and administrative expenses were $1 per unit sold in each year. Fixed selling and administrative expenses totaled $141120 per year. d. The company uses a FIFO inventory flow assumption. (FIFO means first-in first-out. In other words, it assumes that the oldest units in inventory are sold first.) Starfax's management can't understand why profits doubled during Year 2 when sales dropped by 20% and why a loss was incurred during Year 3 when sales recovered to previous levels. Required: 1. Prepare a variable costing income statement for each year. 2. Refer to the absorption costing income statements above. a. Compute the unit product cost in each year under absorption costing. Show how much of this cost is variable and how much is fixed. b. Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figures for each year. 5b. If Lean Production had been used during Year 2 and Year 3, what would the company's net operating income (or loss) have been in each year under absorption costing? Req 1 Req 2A Req 2B Req 5B Prepare a variable costing income statement for each year. Starfax, Incorporated Variable Costing Income Statement Year 1 Year 2 $ 822,400 $ 657,920 $ Year 3 822,400 Sales Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold Total variable expenses 0 0 0 822,400 657,920 822,400 Fixed expenses: 0 Total fixed expenses Net operating income (loss) 0 0 $ 822,400 $ 657,920 $ 822,400 Req Req 2A > Reg 1 Req 2A Reg 2B Req 5B Compute the unit product cost in each year under absorption costing. Show how much of this cost is variable and how much is fixed. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places.) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Variable manufacturing cost $ 2.00 $ 2.00 $ 2.00 Fixed manufacturing cost Unit product cost 2.00 $ 2.00 $ 2.00 $ Reg 1 Req 2A Req 2B Reg 5B Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figures for each year. (Enter any losses or deductions as a negative value.) Reconciliation of Variable Costing and Absorption Costing Net Operating Incomes Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Variable costing net operating income (osa) Add (deduct) fixed manufacturing overhead dolored in (released from) inventory Absorption costing net operating income (loss) Reg 1 Reg 2A Req 2B Reg 58 If Lean Production had been used during Year 2 and Year 3, what would the company's net operating income (or loss) have been in each year under absorption costing? Year 1 Year 2 Year 3